Thursday, November 29, 2007
转贴:中国经济形势分析与透视
Wednesday, November 28, 2007
The Top 20 Ways to Come Up With Amazing Ideas
I’m a pretty prolific blogger — between regular posts at Zen Habits, and writing regularly for blogs such as Web Worker Daily, FreelanceSwitch, NorthxEast and more, and writing guest posts for other blogs (such as the excellent Skelliewag), I write a lot of posts every week.
And what’s asked of me most often, besides “How can you write so much?”, is the more difficult question: “How do you come up with so many ideas for posts?”
That’s not so easy to answer.
Coming up with ideas is a skill, actually, something that’s become easier with practice. And I don’t have one single method of coming up with great ideas for articles, except this one:
I’m ALWAYS on the lookout.
Seriously. Always. Whether I’m in the shower, eating, reading, driving, exercising, talking, IMing, emailing, working, writing or playing with my kids, I always think to myself, “You know, that would make a great post!” It’s a bit sad, actually.
With that in mind, if you’re trying to find sources of great, wonderful, unique ideas, whether that’s for a blog post or a painting or a poem or a new product … here are my favorite ways.
1. Carry a notebook. Seriously, carry it everywhere. I can’t tell you how many awesome ideas I’ve lost simply because I forgot to bring my notebook. And you know why I can’t tell you? Because I didn’t write them down. Carry your notebook everywhere, always have some kind of writing implement, and write things down immediately. Of course, you may need to pull your car over to avoid an accident … or just start riding mass transit instead, to avoid that problem. Another good article on capturing ideas.
2. Keep a list. I have a simple Google Doc that I can pull up at any time with a few keystrokes (I use AutoHotKey to open all my most commonly used documents and programs instantly). On this list, I write down all my ideas. When I need to write a post, I am never short of ideas. Actually, I have dozens more ideas than I can ever use, so if anyone needs any, let me know. Just $5 an idea.
3. Exercise. OK, you’re going to skip past this one. That’s OK. I’m not saying you have to start exercising to have amazing ideas, but from personal experience, exercise is one of the absolute best ways to come up with ideas. It seems it is literally impossible to go for a run or a walk without coming up with an idea that will knock you on your butt. Which is why I now wear padded running shorts.
4. Driving. There’s something about the mindlessness of driving that allows me to come up with some of my better ideas in the car. To make this work, you have to drive slower than some of the maniacs out there (try it, it’s calming), and ignore the rude antics of your fellow drivers. Concentrate on avoiding an accident, but don’t worry if someone cuts you off or is driving slower than your average toddler can walk. Just stay in your Zen zone, and watch the ideas come to you effortlessly.
5. Read a lot. I’m reading a book every day, several times a day. It might take me a week to finish the book, but that’s because I take my time and enjoy the book. In addition, I’m always reading stuff on the Internet. Reading is one of the very best ways to find new ideas. And yes, you have to read the articles, not just the pictures.
6. Find inspiration. I find inspiration from many sources, including other bloggers, from friends and family, from life itself. Sometimes, an idea can be totally unrelated to the source of your inspiration, but the key is that spark, that energy, that ignition that gets your mind going. Whatever does that for you is worth its weight in gold. Failing inspiration, just rip off ideas (and make them your own).
7. Listen. One of my favorite ways to get ideas is by listening to other people talk. When someone talks to me, I try to talk as little as possible, and just listen to them and understand. That’s difficult when talking to engineers, of course. Those guys can talk! I also like to eavesdrop on conversations held by loud people when I’m in public places. Yes, that makes me weird.
8. Find twists. Found a great idea by someone else? As mentioned before, if you aren’t inspired by someone else, just rip off their ideas. But don’t just spit out the ideas verbatim — take them to another level by finding new twists on those ideas. How can you take this great idea (or even a common idea) and give it a new twist? Sometimes you can find the best ideas by putting a new spin on an old idea.
9. Examine your life. Take a few minutes now and then to step back and take a look at your life. What are you doing? Where are you going? Who are you? What are you all about? What’s important? What are you trying to achieve? What are you doing right and wrong? Ask yourself these types of questions, think about what it is you do every day and why. This kind of examination can produce dozens of new ideas.
10. Question everything. When you find yourself thinking or following traditional ideas that everyone assumes are right, question them. Ask yourself if it’s really true, and if so, why? Why does everyone think this? Is it possible there are other ways of doing things? Question everything, and you might come up with some surprising answers.
11. Trawl through fresh sources. Sometimes, if you drive home the same route every single day, it’s good to drive a new route, even if it’s a little longer. Change things up. Similarly, you should visit new web sites, read new authors, break out of your niche, talk to new people, start clicking on links in blogrolls and see where they take you. Get outside your familiar territory, and find new ideas in new places.
12. Bounce stuff off others. Got an idea? Bounce it off a friend or colleague. Sometimes their responses can spur new ideas in you, and vice versa. It’s amazing what can form when two people put their heads together. Avoid more than three people talking about ideas, though … “ideas by committee” is not a smart approach.
13. Reader emails. I get lots of emails from readers, and while it can take a lot of my time to read and answer them, it’s well worth the effort. Some of my best post ideas have come from the suggestions of others. If you don’t get a lot of reader emails, don’t let that stop you … find a way to solicit suggestions from others, asking for emails or comments on your blog or whatever it is you do. Let others come up with the ideas!
14. Forums. Similar to some of the items above, online forums can be amazing places for ideas. You can get suggestions from others, you can bounce ideas off people, you can read and be inspired by great ideas from people on the forums. And there are so many forums online that it’s practically impossible to run out of ideas from them.
15. Ask. When I’m running dry, or need a fresh source of ideas, I’ll ask my readers. I’ll do a post and ask them for suggestions for different topics. And let me tell you, there is no shortage of great topics when I do this. A few months ago I asked if they had “health and fitness” topics they’d like me to write about. I haven’t even gotten halfway through the list of ideas yet!
16. Magazine rack. When I go into a bookstore or grocery store, I like to spend a few minutes at the magazine rack. I don’t even read all the articles … I just read the headlines on the cover, or flip through the magazines. And I don’t just read the ones I’m interested in … I glance at them all. I’ve found some amazing ideas in these racks.
17. Look deep inside yourself. This is a difficult one. It’s similar to the “examine your life” suggestion, but it’s a deeper look at yourself. Really reach deep inside, and search the person you are, search your soul for your deepest desires, your innermost secrets, your most secret dreams and ambitions. You can find some of the most wonderful ideas deep within yourself.
18. Learn from your mistakes. While mistakes can be embarrassing, I love making mistakes. Sure, they’re sloppy and painful, but they’re anything but unproductive. Mistakes are the way we learn, and if we can harvest the power of mistakes to come up with great ideas, we are using our mistakes to their fullest potential. Think about the mistakes you’ve made in your life, recently and over the years. What can you learn from them? What can others learn?
19. Be inspired by nature. I love going outside, to take a breath of fresh air, to stretch, to get natural light into my computer-strained eyes. And to take a look at the beauty of the nature around me. Our world has some of the most incredible natural beauty in the universe … take advantage of the nature around you, and find inspiration in it!
20. Music. I like to play a good CD or tune in to my favorite radio station, to get myself moving, to sooth my savage beast, to make my soul leap with joy. Music can be the most inspiring thing in our lives, if we open up our hearts and minds to it.
托洛茨基:同时令斯大林和希特勒胆寒
1940年8月20日,托洛茨基在书房里发出一声尖叫,杀手雅克松趁托洛茨基不备,用登山冰斧重重地砸在他的头上,托洛茨基的尖叫和顽强反抗使杀手未能再打第二下,随后,杀手被闻声赶来的警卫制服。第二天,8月21日晚7点25分,一代革命伟人、两次俄国革命(1905年革命和1917年十月革命)的领袖、红军的缔造者和统帅在与死神搏斗了22小时后逝世了。
这次对托洛茨基的行刺已经不是第一次了。三个月前,还有过一次未遂的刺杀托洛茨基的行动。5月24日凌晨4点,二十多个身穿警察和士兵制服的人偷袭了在托洛茨基位于墨西哥城郊外科约阿坎住宅外边担负保卫工作的警察,未发一枪就制服了他们,然后走近大门,其中一人上前与值班警卫谢尔顿·哈特说了几句话,后者刚一开门,偷袭者便拥入院内,不费吹灰之力制服了熟睡的警卫们,刺客们在托洛茨基夫妇和他们的外孙(托洛茨基长女季娜伊达之子)的卧室周围架起机枪,对这两间卧室扫射达20分钟之久。在他们确信屋内人均已死亡,扔下了几颗燃烧弹和一颗重磅炸弹(没有爆炸)后,坐上停在院内的托洛茨基的两辆汽车,扬长而去。这场策划得如此精密的刺杀行动进行得如此顺利,射击的火力如此猛烈,在20分钟的时间内,仅对托洛茨基的卧室就发射了二百多发子弹,其中有一百多发打在托洛茨基的床上和床的周围。然而,只是由于托洛茨基夫妇和他们的外孙及时躲到床下而死里逃生,托洛茨基夫妇毫发未损,他们的外孙只是左脚受了轻伤,简直令人难以置信。难怪后来负责调查此案的墨西哥秘密警察首脑萨拉扎尔上校曾一度怀疑是托洛茨基自编自导了这次袭击,旨在给斯大林脸上抹黑。他下令逮捕了几个托洛茨基的警卫和秘书。在托洛茨基向墨西哥总统提出抗议后,警方的调查才转入正轨。事后查明,参预这次袭击的是墨西哥共产党员,其中有墨西哥著名画家、共产党员西凯罗斯。
事隔三个月后,开始了本文开头叙述的那一幕。在这三个月中,托洛茨基的住宅院内虽然风平浪静,但刺杀他的准备工作一刻也没有停止。就是在此期间,死神在一步步地逼近托洛茨基。这个死神就是化名为雅克松的杀手,此人是西班牙共产党员、苏联国家政治保卫总局(简称格别乌,克格勃的前身)的特务,他的真实姓名是拉蒙·梅尔卡德斯。
在格别乌的精心策划下,他早在1938年就结识了美国托派成员西尔维娅·阿奇洛芙。后者师从西德尼研究哲学,懂俄、法、西班牙三种文字,是托洛茨基非常倚重的秘书。西尔维娅·阿奇洛芙是老姑娘,年轻英俊、一掷千金的雅克松向她大献殷勤,使她很快坠入情网。起初,雅克松还只是通过西尔维娅·阿奇洛芙获取托洛茨基以及美国托派活动的情报。在5月24日刺杀行动失败后,雅克松才正式受命刺杀托洛茨基。5月28日,雅克松送托洛茨基的朋友罗斯默离开墨西哥,他借此机会第一次跨进托洛茨基住宅的大门,初次与托洛茨基见面。后来,托洛茨基示意他的夫人娜塔利娅邀请雅克松与阿奇洛芙同他们一起喝茶。据托洛茨基的卫士们回忆,从5月28日至8月20日之间,杀手进入这座院落只有三四次。8月17日,杀手巧妙地利用托洛茨基愿意亲自指导同志们提高理论写作水平的特点,请他指正文章。两人一起走进了托洛茨基的书房。尽管二人独处时,托洛茨基有所觉察,提出今后不再在家中接待雅克松。但在三天后,当雅克松再次请他修改文章时,他又一次与杀手一起走进了书房。
后来,雅克松被判刑,在狱中关押了二十年,在此期间,他始终不肯暴露他的真实身份,坚持说他是因为看到了托洛茨基的反革命真面目,才痛下杀手的。但后来的事实揭露了有关雅克松(梅尔卡德斯)的真相。1960年刑满释放后,他马上前往苏联,据克格勃高官苏道普拉托夫说,克格勃主席谢列平亲自接见他,授予他苏联英雄勋章,安排他任马克思列宁主义研究院研究员。他住一套四居室的宽敞住宅,还有两套别墅,他的工资相当于退休将军。1975年,他前往古巴任菲德尔·卡斯特罗的顾问,1978年去世,遗体秘密运回莫斯科。
1994年,当年负责刺杀托洛茨基工作的格别乌高官苏道普拉托夫的回忆录由小布朗出版公司出版,其中揭示了策划、组织这次刺杀活动的内幕。苏道普拉托夫回忆说,在大清洗的末期、即1939年初,他随时准备被捕。3月的一天,内务人民委员部头子贝利亚召见他,带他前往克里姆林宫斯大林的办公室。在那里任命他为海外谍报处副处长,专门负责消灭托洛茨基的工作,为此他可以动用格别乌的全部资源。贝利亚说,必须在一年之内干掉托洛茨基,理由是战争爆发是不可避免的,托派组织的活动严重影响了各国共产党的反战、保卫苏联的活动。斯大林在接见中说,托洛茨基是托派运动中惟一的政治人物,一旦把他除掉,托派运动将不复存在。最后斯大林还说,刺杀托洛茨基的行动如果成功,党永远不会忘记所有参预这次行动的人,不仅是他们本人,还有他们的亲属都将终身得到党的照顾。从梅尔卡德斯的命运来看,赫鲁晓夫还是践行了斯大林当年的承诺。然而负责这次行动的苏道普拉托夫就没有这么幸运了。斯大林死后,在贝利亚垮台并被枪毙后,他作为贝利亚的党羽身陷囹圄多年。据苏道普拉托夫说,格别乌为那次未成功的刺杀活动拨款30万美元。袭击失败后,斯大林再次召见苏道普拉托夫,重申他此前对消灭托洛茨基的意义的分析。他说,一旦除掉托洛茨基,托派运动就将不复存在,我们就用不着再为对付托派分子花一分钱了。
斯大林的话只说对了一半。无疑,杀死托洛茨基对第四国际是一个重创。不仅对第四国际、对布尔什维克、对苏联,托洛茨基都是一个不可取代的人物。但第四国际并不像斯大林所预言的那样,它在托洛茨基逝世后并没有消亡,这个运动推出了像厄恩斯特·曼德尔这样的理论家、思想家,虽然它没有像十月革命那样掀起波澜壮阔的历史潮流,但在今天共产主义运动的低谷时期,它却展示了蓬勃的生命力。近年来法国大选中的左派的胜利主要是第四国际的胜利,它在反对全球化、新自由主义的运动中发出了越来越响亮的声音。只不过国内鲜有人知罢了。
刺杀托洛茨基行动的过程、杀手的命运以及这次刺杀行动的高层策划的内幕大致就是这样。
但在刺杀托洛茨基事件的背后,还是有令人产生疑问的地方。从上引斯大林和贝利亚的话来看,似乎除掉托洛茨基是为了消灭托派运动,而这一运动严重地干扰了各国共产党的反战和保卫苏联的活动。照这种说法,好像第四国际已经成了气候,可以与苏联支持的各国共产党抗衡了。如果托派运动真的如此强大,那它也不会无力保护自己的领袖。伊萨克·多伊彻在其《先知三部曲》最后一卷《流亡的先知》中说,各国托派组织只是一些小的宗派组织,它们处于各国政府和官方共产党的双重打击之下,没有经费,也没有行动能力,却有无穷无尽的内部争吵。托洛茨基在其自己办的《反对派通报》上发表的不少文章就是为了平息这些争论,使内部团结起来。从他为第四国际撰写的纲领来看,它的主要任务是宣传自己的观点,批判斯大林和共产国际的错误政策和路线。而且托洛茨基的批判均是为了更好地保卫苏联。在苏联与资本主义世界的冲突中,托洛茨基始终旗帜鲜明地支持苏联,无论哪个反对派组织、无论哪个反对派成员,只要违背这个立场,他都立即与之决裂。这样一个以宣传工作为主的国际组织,与其说会妨碍各国共产党反对战争、保卫苏联,还不如说有利于它们完成这个任务。
更何况此时的托洛茨基已经被斯大林逼到大洋彼岸的闭塞的南美国家墨西哥。早在1934年,他与苏联国内反对派的联系就已经被彻底割断。在大清洗开始后,他的支持者(无论是投降了的妥协派,还是仍在监狱中和流放地的不妥协者)中的绝大多数被枪毙。他的声音和文章已经不能传入苏联。因为任何敢于携带托洛茨基文章入境者,一旦被发现,都格杀勿论。
一个是远在天边的流亡者,他只有为数不多的追随者。另一个是掌握苏联这样一个大国的党政军大权的独裁者,而且还有惟他马首是瞻的世界各国共产党。力量对比如此悬殊,何必非得赶尽杀绝呢?
看来,斯大林下决心除掉托洛茨基是另有隐情的。用冠冕堂皇的理由来掩盖见不得人的目的,在斯大林身上是屡见不鲜的。斯大林的真实目的何在?斯大林对托洛茨基的评价可能会泄露点天机。斯大林认为,在革命风云际会时,托洛茨基就能够叱咤风云,而在革命低潮时,他就失去力量,不知所措。这句话只对了一半,即它的前半句。正是这前半句,透露出斯大林除掉托洛茨基的真实意图。后半句纯属胡说。从1923年起,托洛茨基一直身处逆境,开始时是遭到除他和列宁之外的所有政治局委员和候补委员的排挤,此后逐渐被解除了军事人民委员、政治局委员、中央委员的职务,直至被开除出党、流放,最后被驱逐出国。此后他几乎是只身面对整个资本主义世界、法西斯的仇恨,处于苏联和第三国际的铺天盖地的诽谤、咒骂、攻击之下,但他毫不沮丧,以大无畏的精神把这场力量悬殊的斗争进行到底,直到惨死在刺客的冰镐之下。
虽然后来斯大林说过,除了列宁之外,谁也不可能在十月革命中起特殊作用。但说这句话是出于排挤托洛茨基的派别斗争的需要,并没说出历史真相。对此斯大林是心知肚明。他当然不会忘记,1917年5月托洛茨基才加入布尔什维克,就马上进入决策核心,在列宁不能公开露面(为躲避临时政府的追捕)、布尔什维克上层部分反对起义(季诺维也夫、加米涅夫等),部分消极观望(斯大林本人也包括在内)的情况下,是他一手领导了十月革命。斯大林同样不会忘记,在内战期间,是托洛茨基缔造了红军,并率领这支军队经过三年浴血奋战消灭了帝国主义支持的白军,挫败了外国军队的武装干涉,捍卫了年轻的苏维埃共和国。而二十世纪的革命是与战争不可分割地联系在一起的。没有第一次世界大战,不仅不会有十月革命,连二月革命也不会爆发。斯大林真正需要考虑的是,即将爆发的第二次世界大战是否会引发一场新的革命?是否会危及他的独裁统治?对此他绝不能掉以轻心。他深知他与托洛茨基的区别:他的成功靠的是手中掌握的权力,靠的是无原则的勾结、耍阴谋诡计,单凭这些宫廷斗争的伎俩,是无法在阶级斗争的战场上、在与资本主义世界的斗争中取胜的。斯大林在党内斗争中获胜后,在指导国内建设以及各国共产党的国际革命斗争中,是一连串失败的记录。领导革命、特别是无产阶级革命,需要的是完全不同的品质:对斗争形势发展的准确预见,能够抓住转瞬即逝的有利时机的果敢、大智大勇以及正确的战略、灵活机动的策略等。而这些正是托洛茨基的强项。这些革命领袖的素质,在三十年代国际形势的风云变幻中更彰显出它们的力量。斯大林心里清楚,他近十几年来领导革命和建设中的每一个失败和失算,都可能是托洛茨基留在革命史册上的辉煌的一页。尤其令他愤怒的是,他对国内外政策的每个重大调整都遭到托洛茨基的批判,每次他都抱着输红了眼的赌徒心理:该托洛茨基失误一次了。然而历史就像是托洛茨基的同谋一样,一次机会也没有给他。就是在被他牢牢控制的苏联,他战胜托洛茨基都要付出沉重的代价。在他无法控制的国际舞台上,除了在肉体上消灭托洛茨基外,他再也没有其他取胜之路。这个远在天边的流亡者让他不得安宁。战争可能会引发摧枯拉朽的革命风暴,而这场风暴不仅会消灭法西斯、推翻欧洲资本主义世界,也可能会摧毁他在苏联国内的独裁统治。
无独有偶,另一个独裁者希特勒也惧怕托洛茨基。法国驻第三帝国大使罗贝尔·库隆德回忆说,他在第二次世界大战前与希特勒有一次谈话,希特勒吹嘘他的军队和他在未来的战争中将获得的伟大胜利。大使给他泼了盆冷水,说战争引起的社会动荡和革命可能把交战国政府卷入漩涡,最后的胜利者可能是托洛茨基。希特勒一听此话,就像心口挨了一拳似地跳了起来,尖声喊道,这种可能性正是法国和英国最好不要与第三帝国作对的又一个原因(《流亡的先知》,第555页)。
这个孤独的流亡者手中没有一兵一卒,却能使两个掌握着绝对权力的独裁者胆战心惊,这就是托洛茨基的力量之所在。无论是他率领千军万马,还是孤独一人,都令他的敌人胆寒。这大概才是斯大林决心在战争爆发前除掉他的真正原因吧。
还有一个问题,就是为什么斯大林在把托洛茨基驱逐出苏联近十年后才决心要除掉他。实际上,托洛茨基被驱逐出苏联后,始终生活在格别乌的阴影下。以无孔不入的格别乌的力量,刺杀托洛茨基不是一件太困难的任务。在托洛茨基流亡土耳其期间,斯大林甚至可以假手大量流亡在土耳其的白卫军残部除掉托洛茨基,这些人对打败他们的红军统帅怀有刻骨的仇恨。斯大林为什么要把这个决定推迟10年呢?
谜底可能在斯大林的私人图书馆中可以找到。《托洛茨基政治肖像》作者沃尔科戈诺夫说,他曾参观过这个图书馆,其中有一个专供斯大林本人使用的房间,里面全是托洛茨基的著作和文章,托洛茨基在流亡期间的著作、书信和文章以及全部《反对派通报》在这里应有尽有,而且是格别乌特务专门搞来的。据沃尔科戈诺夫说,其中的大多数页面上都留下了总书记粗粗的铅笔道,证明总书记不仅阅读过这些文章,而且还看得相当仔细。在《流亡的先知》中,也记述了格别乌盗窃托洛茨基档案的活动。
再结合当时的历史,就可以找到斯大林迟迟不杀托洛茨基的原因了。托洛茨基在党内素有解决问题的能手之称,而且往往是出奇制胜。据《先知三部曲》的作者伊萨克·多伊彻说,甚至在托洛茨基被开除出党之后,在遇到棘手问题时,在中央委员会会议厅中还能听到人们低声说,列夫·达维多维奇(托洛茨基的名和父称,以这种方式称呼人,表示对对方的尊重)对此会是什么看法?斯大林在其与布哈林一起推行的所谓新经济政策陷入绝境后,照搬了部分托洛茨基的经济建设方针,这已是不争的事实。纵观1923~1940年间斯大林所有方针政策的重大转折,都有剽窃托洛茨基思想之嫌。这当然不是说斯大林推行的就是托洛茨基的政策。斯大林的所有剽窃都经过了粗暴的官僚主义的改造,而且往往用的不是地方。托洛茨基曾十分形象地嘲弄说,斯大林就像俄国民间故事中的傻瓜伊万,他在婚礼上哭丧,在丧礼上贺喜,因而处处碰壁。
原来,斯大林迟迟不杀托洛茨基的原因,就是他还有自知之明,知道他还需要托洛茨基的智慧。但这不能明说,要把它们藏在一间小屋里,悄悄地看,默默地记。要不是担心迫在眉睫的战争可能诱发革命,并危及到自己的独裁统治的话,斯大林可能还会让托洛茨基再多活几年。(施用勤)
Criticism on Three Gorges Dam
[edit] Environmental impact
Currently, the quality of water in the higher banks of Yangtze is falling rapidly, due to the dam's preventing dispersal of pollutants; algae blooms have risen progressively since the dam’s construction; and soil erosion has increased, causing riverbank collapses and landslides.[23] The report detailing this was officially released in September 2007.[19] Senior Chinese government officials and scholars said the dam could cause a “huge disaster ... if steps are not taken promptly.”[23] The same scholars and officials previously had defended the Three Gorges Dam project.[24] Xinhua News Agency also reported that tens of billions of yuan had been spent to prevent pollution and geological disasters by tree planting, measures to maintain biodiversity, shutting 1500 polluting industrial and mining enterprises and building 70 sewage and waste treatment plants, all of which are "progressing well." [24]
Three Gorges Dam
Of the 3,000 to 4,000 remaining critically endangered Siberian Crane, a large number currently spend the winter in wetlands that will be destroyed by the Three Gorges Dam[citation needed]. While logging in the area was required for construction which adds to erosion, stopping the periodic and uncontrolled flooding of the river will lessen bank erosion in the long run. The build up of silt in the reservoir will, however, reduce the amount of silt transported by the Yangtze River to the Yangtze Delta and could reduce the effectiveness of the dam for electricity generation[citation needed] and, perhaps more importantly, the lack of silt deposited in the peninsula could result in erosion and sinking of coastal areas[citation needed].
[edit] Effect on local culture and aesthetic values
The 600 kilometre (375 mi) long reservoir will flood some 1,300 archaeological sites and alter the appearance of the Three Gorges as the water level rises over one hundred meters at various locations.[citation needed] Cultural and historical relics are being moved to higher ground as they are discovered but the flooding of the Gorge will undoubtedly cover some undiscovered relics. Some other sites cannot be moved because of their size or design.[citation needed]
These historical sites contain remnants of the homeland of the Ba, an ancient people who settled in the region more than 4,000 years ago.[citation needed] One of the traditions of the Ba was to bury the dead in coffins in caves high on the cliff, some of which will soon be submerged.[citation needed]
[edit] Sedimentation
There are two hazards uniquely identified with the dam:[25] One is that sedimentation modeling is unverified [citation needed]and the other is that the dam sits on a seismic fault.
Excessive sedimentation can block the sluice gates which can cause dam failure under some conditions. This was a contributing cause of the Banqiao Dam failure in 1975 that precipitated the failure of 61 other dams and resulted in over 200,000 deaths. Critics believe that the Yangtze will add 530 million tons of silt into the reservoir on average per year; in time, this silt would pile up behind the walls of the dam, clogging the turbines' entranceway [citation needed]. Further, the absence of silt down stream would have two dramatic effects:
Unburdened by silt, the Yangtze below the dam would flow more quickly[citation needed]. This, in turn, would cause the river to scour the banks and riverbed more severely, even to the point of altering the character and predictability of the river itself. In addition, flood diversion dikes along the river would require expensive and continual re-strengthening and rebuilding.
The city of Shanghai, more than one thousand miles (1600 km) away from the dam, rests on a massive plain of sediment. The "arriving silt -- so long as it does arrive -- strengthens the bed on which Shanghai is built... the less the tonnage of arriving sediment the more vulnerable is this biggest of Chinese cities to inundation..."[26]
Also, the weight of the dam and reservoir can theoretically cause induced seismicity, as happened with the Katse Dam in Lesotho. Others point out that such criticism, purely theoretical in nature, was never leveled at other “mega-dams” such as the Nile’s Aswan Dam or the Itaipu Dam between Brazil and Paraguay.
[edit] National Security Concerns
In an annual report to the United States Congress, the Department of Defense cited that in Taiwan, “proponents of strikes against the mainland apparently hope that merely presenting credible threats to China’s urban population or high-value targets, such as the Three Gorges Dam, will deter Chinese military coercion.”[27] The notion that the Military of the Republic of China would seek to destroy the Dam provoked an angry response from the mainland China media. People’s Liberation Army General Liu Yuan was quoted in the China Youth Daily saying that the People’s Republic of China would be “seriously on guard against threats from Taiwan independence terrorists”.[28]
[edit] Future projects upstream
In order to maximize utility of the Three Gorges Dam and cut down on sedimentation from the Jinshana tributary of the Yangtze river, China plans to build a series of dams upstream of the Yangtze river, including Wudongde, Baihetan, Xiluodu, Xiangjiaba, and downstream of Jinsha. The total capacity of those four dams is 38,500 MW, almost double the capacity of the Three Gorges. There are also another eight dams in the midstream of the Jinsha and eight more upstream of it.[29]
Saturday, November 17, 2007
Attention Profiling: APML Beginner's Guide
Attention profiling is quite possibly the next wave of smarter, more relevant web browsing. APML is an emerging standard that promises to make it much easier for websites and services to cater to your exact tastes, reducing the information overload of seemingly endless web content. Photo credit: Faraday Media When you browse the web and sign up for various social media services, information is being collected about your interests and tastes. If you shop at Amazon.com, for instance, each time you look at a different book or DVD, Amazon makes a note of what you were checking out and makes suggestions as to other titles you might be interested in. And when you sign up for social networking websites such as MySpace or Facebook, the explicit information you give - your gender, age, favorite recording artists and so on - is gathered, in addition to the more implicit information about which profiles you visit, or Facebook applications you install. For the companies involved this is big business - as there are marketing firms willing to pay a lot of money for this sort of information. For the end-user, though, there are certain benefits too. We have reached the point of information hyper-saturation. It can become quite a chore to find relevant content online, when there is so much other information competing for your attention. But by implementing attention profiling, it becomes possible to have the services and websites you visit begin to make suggestions for content that you might be interested in. APML is a proposed standard that gives you greater control over your own attention data, and in principle will allow you to selectively record your attention profile - the sites you visit, the search terms that interest you most, the content you most commonly link to - and share it with your favorite websites and services. It is already being supported by several prominent online destinations, and shows no signs of slowing down. In this beginner's guide to APML I talk you through the basics, how APML fits into a wider trend as we move towards a smarter "semantic web", and how you can make use of it today in your day to day web surfing and information seeking. Here are the details:
Attention Data - What It Is and Why It Matters Photo credit: Faraday Media In her excellent introduction to attention profiling through APML, Marjolein Hoekstra describes attention profiles as: "...consolidated, structured descriptions of people's interests and dislikes. The information about your interests and how much each means to you (ranking) is stored in a way so that computers and web-based services can easily read it, interpret it, process it and pass it on should you request and permit them to do so." APML provides a standardized way to collect and rank your attention data, then, in such a way that the information gathered is useful to the sites and services you use on the web, that they might better provide you with tailor-made information and content that suits your particular needs. Your attention data is comprised of the websites you visit, the things you might write about in your blog, the music you listen to through such services as Last.fm, the websites you bookmark using social bookmarking tools like del.icio.us, the photos and videos you share with services like Flickr and YouTube, and so on. As you surf the web and interact with these various social media destinations you leave behind you a vapor trail of information that, when pieced together, describes the content you enjoy and find interesting. Of course you aren't alone, and whether you like it or not your search habits on Google, the applications you install on Facebook, and the content you write about in your blog are ripe for being "data mined" by those with a vested interest in compiling such information. APML provides a means that you could personally take control of your information in a consolidated file, to use where you see fit to your own ends and benefit. And at the same time advertisers and content providers are given a much clearer picture of what might interest you, saving you the hassle of wading through irrelevant interruptive marketing, and being presented with information and offers that might very well be worth your taking a look at. Web Standards - The Basics Web standards matter. Standards are essentially a commonly agreed set of protocols, or way of arranging data for maximum interoperability. In layman's terms, what that means is that if everyone uses the same system for processing information, that information will behave in a predictable way wherever it crops up. Take this website, for instance. You can view the content in any modern browser without any great difficulty, because the content has been formatted using common standards, such as HTML and CSS, as standardized by the World Wide Web Consortium, or WC3. Were it not for standards, every website you visited might act and display in a remarkably different way depending on the browser you used, or the means you used to access the site. If you want to access the information from Master New Media from your feed reader, that's also possible thanks to standards. The RSS standard has been adopted by the vast majority of modern websites and is all but ubiquitous in those websites published using blogging platforms. This means that whichever RSS reader I use, I can access the posts written at Master New Media via one of the several RSS feeds on offer. Now let's say that I want to share my collection of RSS feeds with you in the form of a reading list, so that you can automatically subscribe to all of the websites I follow with a single click. Then I'd use the OPML standard, pass you the OPML file of my reading list, and you'd have access to my entire feed collection. APML is an evolving standard that is gradually being adopted by more and more sites and services as a way of tracking and sharing attention data. So just as I can now share the contents of my blog with you via RSS, or my entire reading list with you via OPML, APML makes it possible for me to share a ranked list of my online browsing habits and interests. Obviously the more sites and services that implement APML, the more useful it will become. At the moment, for instance, Amazon can suggest books to me based on my previous selections, but if I leave Amazon and go over to Barnes and Noble, the process has to begin from scratch. Were both sites to adopt the APML standard, I could take my interests with me from one site to the other, and get recommendations from both without each first having to rely on its own closed system of analyzing my attention data. APML - The Basics Photo credit: Faraday Media As I've highlighted APML is a way of collecting and aggregating all of your attention data together into a single "attention profile". This profile exists in the form of an XML file - which is the same open language behind RSS and OPML. When you make use of an APML-enabled service or application, your attention profile is pieced together into this easy-to-share XML file, which you can then take away with you and import to other services that support the standard. Not only does your APML attention profile collect data about what you are interested in - using the URLs you visit, the tags you attach to photos and videos, the songs you choose to listen to - but it also gathers information about how interested you are in the various content you visit. So if you regularly navigate to the communication tools and reviews at Master New Media, but aren't so interested in the counter-information news, or vice versa, over time your attention profile will rank your interests accordingly. In this way services using your attention profile to serve you with relevant content will be far more likely to fetch you information on your favorite subjects, rather than those you simply showed a short-term or passing interest in. It's easy to see how, over time, this could be a very useful tool for working with a number of different services whilst maintaining a highly detailed and therefore far more accurate reflection of your needs and interests as an end-user than is commonly provided by the closed systems employed by specific websites. Why Use APML? Photo credit: Faraday Media The biggest reason you might want to use APML is the sheer amount of information bombarding you every day, and the ratio of signal to noise evident in that information. Because while you may have very specific needs and interests that you want served, it is not always a simple task to locate the information you're looking for. Furthermore, as advertising is here to stay on the web, it would certainly be a lot better news if the ads you saw were tailor-made to your interests. Think of this as the next step forward from the contextual advertising you can see in this article. Contextual advertising services such as Google Adsense attempt to serve relevant advertising based on the content of the article that they appear in. As such, you have a greater chance of seeing ads that will appeal to your tastes than you might through mainstream, mass media advertising, which simply sends out the same message almost regardless of context, and hopes that some small percentage of viewers will be interested. If the APML standard takes hold, however, content providers and advertisers will have a much better chance to serve you with relevant information, so that ads become useful rather than something that interrupts what you came to see in the first place. Marketing aside, given that many of us have busy schedules and a lot of information to process in the average day, it would certainly be very useful if it were possible to take your attention profile shopping with you, or as you research your paper or novel. Rather than having to go out looking for information in a hit-and-miss way, the information comes to you, and learns over time what interests you most through your acceptance and rejection of the offers served up. So rather than a generic news website front page where I have to navigate to the sections that interest me, the news site could automatically display a custom set of headlines based on my interests and needs. If I'm interested in following the latest stock prices for Google, gossip about Hollywood celebrities, and what's showing at my local cinema (so long as it isn't a romantic comedy, and it rates highly among other users), it's clear to see how the implementation of APML might help me to cut through the endless information I'm not interested in. APML in Practice Photo credit: Faraday Media While AMPL is an evolving standard and is still in its infancy in terms of uptake, there has already been a considerable amount of interest in the standard, and it is now possible to make use of an attention profile through a number of popular web services and applications. Given the rate at which APML uptake seems to be spreading, it would be a good idea to check out the growing list of implementations at the APML wiki. At the time of writing, you can make use of APML using the following sites and services: Particls is a great way of receiving alerts about the news that interests you most in a news ticker, sidebar and pop-up format on your Windows desktop (Mac version coming soon). Particls creates a hierarchy from the news sources you subscribe to, highlighting the more important news and slightly downplaying the news likely to be of less interest to you. Particls creates an APML file using the data it gathers from your news selection, along with that collected from your IM conversations, emails, browsing habits and documents. This APML file is then used to create a hierarchy of alerts for the latest news likely to be of interest to you Engagd is a service tailor-made to creating your APML file through your personal selection of RSS feeds. It also allows you to filter your RSS feeds according to your evolving profile. You can see a great write up of how this works in practice in Emily Chang's write-up of her own use of Engagd to create a personal data stream. Cluztr is a social network based on sharing your clickstream (the things you click on as you browse the web) with friends. Cluztr creates an APML file based on your browsing habits, and uses it to automatically generate tags for other users to explore content through Dandelife is a service for creating a socially powered biography, gathering your notes on the people you've met, the places you've been, the events you've been to and more, and creating an APML file from the results Additionally the popular Newsgator and Bloglines RSS services have adopted or promised future adoption of APML to aid your feed reading. Of the services mentioned, perhaps the best introduction to creating your own APML file might be through trying it for yourself through Engagd. It's clear to see, however, that with news of web giants like Google and Digg backing APML, you can expect to hear a lot more about it in the coming months and years. Privacy Concerns Photo credit: Dem10 Perhaps one of the biggest objections that people have to trying out APML is the intrusion into their privacy that it potentially presents. Sure it's a nice idea to be served with relevant content, but what if there are certain parts of my web browsing and social media use I'd rather not have made public? In his coverage of APML for Mashable Mark 'Rizzn' Hopkins voices the concern that should APML become standardized: "various vendors and APML consuming software now knows exactly what sort of porn sites I may be paying the most attention to, for instance, or about research I may have done on militant Islamic websites for a political piece for my blog - something considered dangerous information these days. I’m just not comfortable with that sort of information sitting out there in the public’s hands." This is an understandable concern, but as Mark goes on to explain, after a conversation with the APML workgroup's Chris Saad, APML is selective in the information it gathers, so that a passing interest in terrorism, as might come about when writing a paper on the subject, will barely register when held against the things that you show interest in on a more consistent basis. Likewise, as for "private browsing activities", such as pornography, the services that implement APML can be set to ignore certain browsing habits. Particls and Cluztr, for instance, will ignore pornographic content as they put together your profile, so there is no fear of your APML attention profile showing as much interest in a certain genre of porn as it does your professional proclivities. In fact privacy is a central factor of APML, which aims to put the attention data you generate in your control, rather than in the control of the different sites and services you use, as is now the case. In a section of the APML website dedicated to "your rights", the APML workgroup explains that your fundamental rights include: "Property - You own your attention and can store it wherever you wish. You have CONTROL. Mobility - You can securely move your attention wherever you want whenever you want to. You have the ability to TRANSFER your attention. Economy - You can pay attention to whomever you wish and receive value in return. Your attention has WORTH. Transparency - You can see exactly how your attention is being used. You can DECIDE who you trust." These points are extremely important in understanding that APML is not so much a big-brother like device for monitoring every breath you take as it is a means of creating a useful, open relationship between content producers and consumers based on ownership and sharing of your own attention data. The APML Workgroup Photo credit: Faraday Media The APML Workgroup are the numerous individuals gathered together with the task of "turning the current specification into an agreed standard", as the APML website explains. This group is made up of a number of developers, CEOs and advocates working within the "attention economy". The workgroup has both an open wiki, a Facebook group and a public Google group, so should you wish to become involved in the development of the standard, or to follow its progress, there are several means of doing so. Data Portability - The Bigger Picture While APML stands up as its own standard, it is also possible to see it as part of a bigger picture. As the web evolves we are seeing a great shift towards smart information filtering - the evolving notion of a "semantic web", but also, just as significantly, a move in the direction of expanding data portability. Open standards make for an effective way of allowing data to freely flow from one web destination to another, rather than keeping different sets of data in closed silos and walled gardens. At the moment if I want to have a profile on MySpace and Facebook, for instance, I have to create them separately, and any information I enter on each remains locked into that particular destination. Open standards and data portability are all about allowing me to take my information and use it across a number of services. If you pay a visit to it becomes clear that a number of open standards used in tandem would allow for a much freer web, a web that allows you to take control of your data and freely remix and share it as you see fit. APML might be joined by the following complimentary open standards, which are in various stages of current implementation: OpenID - OpenID is a standard for the creation of a single digitial identity that you can use across the web. Effectively this will allow you to leave comments on blogs, sign in to payment services, and access a number of social networks using a single sign-on OAuth - OAuth is an open protocol that would make it easy for application developers to use a common standard for authentication, allowing different services to authenticate your secure data with ease while maintaining your privacy RSS - RSS makes it easy for users to syndicate content from around the web and receive new information every time their chosen news sources are updated Yadis - Yadis is, in their own words "a service discovery system allowing relying parties (aka identity consumers or membersites) to determine automatically, without end-user intervention, the most appropriate protocol to use" OPML - OPML is an easy way for people to share their reading list of RSS feeds with other users hCard - hCard is a microformat that makes it easy to share and download formatted contact details across a number of applications - rather like a business card for the web XFN - XFN is another microformat, and provides an open standard for gathering and sharing relationship information. XFN stands for XHTML Friends Network. Using XFN I can share the people I connect and network with across the various social networking platforms that I use, rather than having to add new "friends" for each service that I subscribe to What each of these protocols shares in common with APML is a commitment to a more open web in which I can take control of my own data, and use it across a number of sites and services, rather than having to set up new accounts, friend lists, feed lists and so on at each service I choose to use. Summary APML is an increasingly important standard that makes it easy for me to keep an automated record (or "attention profile") of my interests and tastes as I browse the web and use a variety of social media services and applications. So, as I surf the web, upload and tag videos and photos and listen to music, my attention profile is updated to mirror the things that interest me most. The benefits to my using an APML "attention profile" are several: Targeted information - by sharing my APML file I can have the sites and services that I visit suggest content that fits my personal tastes and interests, rather than serving me generic, one-size-fits-all information Painless advertising - as such, any advertising that I am subject to will also be tailored to things that I would find useful or interesting Control - by giving me control over my own attention profile, APML gives me the choice of who I wish to share my data with, rather than being subject to unscrupulous data-mining While the standard is still very much in its infancy, it is already being adopted by a number of important web developers and content providers, and you can - even now - create your own APML profile using services such as Engagd and Cluztr. APML is a further step in the direction of a smarter web, a web that bring you the content that you are interested in, rather than sending you off to wade through reams of useless information to find what you're looking for. Together with a growing number of other open standards APML is creating an easy to use, personalized web browsing experience and holds a great deal of promise for the future. If you want to get in early on what could well be a standard as significant as RSS or OPML, you might well want to get yourself set up with an APML attention profile and check it out for yourself. Additonal Resources If you'd like to learn more about APML you might want to check out these links: The APML Workgroup website Basics of Attention Profiling Through APML - Marjolein Hoekstra's excellent primer on the subject Explaining APML - What it is, Why You Want it - Another great introduction by Elias Bizannes APML - The Next Big Thing or The Next FOAF? by Mark 'Rizzn' Hopkins at Mashable Attention - NewsGator and Bloglines Join APML Workgroup - Marshall Kirkpatrick breaks the news of some recent uptake of the format over at Read/WriteWeb Originally written by Michael Pick for Master New Media and titled "Attention Profiling: A Beginner's Guide To APML"
Wednesday, November 14, 2007
访中国雅虎李俊凌:未来互联网的探路者
这是前美国总统尼克约翰逊的一句经典的话。但谁能想到它能与未来互联网的发展趋势巧妙地连接在一起呢?“未来的互联网的主人是所有的网民,而不是目前的雅虎、谷歌、新浪们,在少数人控制互联网的专利被下放到网民手中时,新媒体将被赋予新的内涵,无论是远古时代的孔孟游学口授之道、广播的兴起、电视的中兴,还是现在互联网从门户到搜索再到web2.0,新媒体给出一个确切的定义很难。但方向已定:就是”所有人“对”所有人“的传播,任何一个人在其中既是制造者,又是消费者,最大限度地释放网络潜能,去实现自己的社会价值。”
对比过去记者采访的互联网人物,李俊凌是一个思维发散、却逻辑性很强的人,以至于如果你不是专门研究互联网的专家,都很难捕捉和理解他的一些言语。从150年前的马克思《共产党宣言》到上帝神灵信仰的天马行空,再到晋商文化中的“天地生人、人生在世,活一日当有一日勤”,李俊凌能用最缜密的思维来解读互联网作为新媒体的发展趋势。与目前互联网领域的整体浮躁气氛相比,李俊凌算得上是真正能看得清未来的互联网是什么的人。
从科大少年班到中国雅虎新媒体事业部总经理
中科大少年班曾经是一代“神童”的聚集地,培养了不少各行各业的精英人才。李俊凌15岁入科大少年班,19岁便出国留学。而在正常的人眼里,19岁才是大学校园的开始。李俊凌整整比别人早了四年。作为全球著名学府斯坦福大学的机械工程硕士和博士,他的经历却是让人很难理解。工科背景出身的他在硅谷工作创业,最初研究的是集成电路和芯片设计,而后亲手将两家创立的公司扶到上市。在这个时间段,李俊凌所扮演的角色更像是一个科学家。
但从科学家的研究身份向职业经理人转换是他跨越的最大的一步。经过四年硅谷生涯历练的李俊凌选择进入了管理咨询行业龙头麦肯锡公司,摇身变为一名咨询专家,为企业把脉献策。不过咨询顾问的角色也只是他暂时的栖息地,随后他又跳槽到摩托罗拉,任摩托罗拉公司个人通讯事业部北亚区发展战略总监。与其他企业高管的“纵深发展”路径相比,李俊凌坦言自己并不是一个对职业很有规划的人,他认为自己只是一个很有目标的人。
2007年受阿里巴巴集团董事局主席马云的延揽,李俊凌空降阿里巴巴担任参谋部副总裁,另一个头衔则是中国雅虎新媒体事业部总经理,负责社区、资讯与通讯业务。过去几年,中国雅虎在被阿里巴巴收购后频繁变阵,高管层更是走马灯的换。对于为什么会选择中国雅虎,李俊凌表示,来到中国雅虎让我看到了一个令人激动的产业,可能接下来这几年会很关键和辛苦。在问及什么时候会离开时李俊凌表示,当这个公司的发展已经是我跟不上的时候。但那还有很长的路要走,现在还不是考虑那个的时候。
“人生时时刻刻处处都面临着抉择,当你走到十字路口时,当你必须有所取舍时,只有选择自己真正喜欢做的事情,真正想要做的事情,才有可能做出成绩。”李俊凌为自己的人生轨迹描出了三个拐点,分别是读大学、留学美国和进入中国雅虎。在这三个转折点上,李俊凌认为,“科大少年班让我学会了分析和解决问题的能力,但个性的养成,跟社会打交道还是和别人沟通,肯定是斯坦福对我影响很大。而中国雅虎则是一个伟大事业的开端。”
看得清互联网是什么的人
“刚进入中国雅虎时,我还清楚地记得第一次开员工大会的时候,员工们公开问我的问题是我会在这个公司呆多久?”面对员工们的怀疑,李俊凌开了几次动员会,与员工开诚布公地交谈和沟通。“无论是在硅谷创业还是后来进入麦肯锡当顾问,沟通和交流是我最擅长的,现在留在中国雅虎的都是有强烈认同感和信心的人。”恰好中国雅虎要做的目标也是实现“所有人”对“所有人”的传播,美国《连线》杂志将新媒体的定义也锁定于此。
对于未来互联网的发展趋势,李俊凌是圈内少数几个能讲得明白、看得清楚的人。“我小时候在外婆家住,经常会听到外公与外婆因为一些事情的观点不一致而产生的争论。外公最常用的武器就是,前几天的报纸上是这么讲的。外婆或者不再说话,如果很想反驳,也不知道如何说起。”从那时起,我就明白了一个道理,谁在影响这这个世界?媒体!这个话语权群体直接影响甚至左右着普通大众百姓的衣食住行,吃喝玩乐,甚至他们的世界观,人生观。
当然媒体的属性是宽泛的,不仅仅是日常接触的报纸、电视、互联网。过去媒体是少数人的专利,只是少数能掌握这种话语权。拿互联网来说,所谓Web1.0,就是极少数人对绝大多数的人的传播,有着太明显的人工编辑的痕迹。而web2.0则是“所有人”对“所有人”的传播,每一个人的观点都有可能被充分尊敬,每一个人的社会价值都有可能被充分实现,每一个人的需求都有可能被最大效率地满足。
其实看互联网发展的路径,有两次浪潮已经发生,还有两次即将发生。第一波的浪潮是以美国的雅虎,在中国是以新浪、搜狐为代表的门户网站,第二波的浪潮是以美国的Google,中国是以百度、中国雅虎为代表的搜索工具。第一波浪潮解决了互联网信息膨胀下的有效内容管理,但并没有脱离开传统媒体的窠臼,充其量是一个新的媒介载体。提升了传播效果,在广告效率上并没有改善。比如每花一万块钱做广告,有五千块钱是有效果的,还有五千块钱是没有效果的,但是不知道是哪个五千块钱有效果。
以Google、百度等搜索技术为主的第二代浪潮突破了这一点。搜索最大的价值在于对广告的需求方和投放方进行了精确的匹配,提升了广告效率,很多客户在搜索上投入重金,但几乎一分钱都不会浪费,当然得祛除点击欺诈这些干扰因素。而仅仅是这一次突破,就造就了Google公司目前的媒体价值。Google目前的市值是2200亿美元,比美国的新闻集团、中国的CCTV都更值钱,华尔街的投资者估计用不了三五年,它的市值会变成5000个亿美元。以员工10000多人计算,也就是平均每一个员工的市值5000万美元,4个亿人民币,而5000个亿美元比中国任何一个省的GDP都要高很多。
这就是新媒体的魅力。但第三次浪潮注定会袭来。搜索的时候你只能搜到一大堆的链接,但你不能搜到那个时间为你服务的那个人,还是机器把网民当作一个消费者来看待的。不能真正的实现人在中间的价值。接下来会发生革命——人人为我,我为人人,即“所有人”对“所有人”的传播,互联网上的人都将兼具生产者与消费者的双重身份,每一个拥有照相机的人,或者拥有个带摄像头的手机的人,现在都可以是一名摄影师;每一个拥有MP3或者IPod的人,都可以是一名DJ;每一个拥有键盘的人,都可以是一名作家;每一个能上网的人,都可以是一名出版商。
互联网的架构师和预言家
其实,回顾这十几年来互联网发展的脉络。一直以来,行业都在寻找一个完整的工具,提高从市场、销售到服务的效率,同时也在摸索一个更有效率的工具和平台来降低每一个人成为生产者的门槛,增强网民的话语权。80年代的IBM通过电脑统治了世界,但微软作为更聪明的公司以电脑上跑的WINDOWS系统也统治了世界,市值2200亿美元,远远超出了IBM.今天Google则把软件上的数据给控制了,任何用户一搜索都能找到相匹配的信息,同样也达到了统治世界的效果。现在Google市值已接近微软,超越微软已成定局。
搜索在解决了一些瓶颈的同时,也留下了一些遗憾和待解的问题。但谁能成为第三次浪潮的代表人物呢?中国雅虎推出的下一代互联网商务平台恰好是要建设这样的网络生态系统:让每一个个人能够有一个机会变成一个生产者,去满足那种个性化的需求,任何人都能把专长、兴趣、爱好转化为生产力,也可能为人服务,但同时也是一个消费者,享受来自他人提供的信息和服务。而且Google也看到了这一趋势,正在做这样的尝试,构建地球村的互联网应用操作系统。
不过对于目前互联网的发展现状,李俊凌并不认可。“现在所有的标榜web2.0的网站都犯了一个初级的错误,绝大部分各自为政,彼此之间并不能互联互通,事实上形成了信息社会的一个个孤岛。这违背了互联网第三次浪潮共享和服务的初衷。最初是一个一个的部落,然后是一个一个的村庄,城市逐渐形成。随着城市的形成,人们将脱离自给自足的时代,迅速融入到互相依赖互利互惠的城市生活中去。反观web2.0网站认识到了生产者与消费者的关系,但却把大工业时代退回到了农村村落的时代。更不符合未来‘所有人’对‘所有人’传播的新媒体定位。”
150年前《共产党宣言》中的经典言论可能更能描述目前互联网所处的变局,“…一切固定的古老的关系以及与之相适应的素被尊崇的观念和见解都被消除了,一切新形成的关系等不到固定下来就陈旧了。一切固定的东西都烟消云散了,一切神圣的东西都被亵渎了。人们终于不得不用冷静的眼光来看他们的生活地位、他们的相互关系。”在为互联网搜索后的第三代浪潮下了注脚的同时,李俊凌还对几年后的第四次浪潮进行了预测:当手机上网普及后,用手机替代电脑将成为趋势,所有那些为你服务的人和你要生产的内容,都可以通过手机聚合在一起。想象一下,中国一两年后会有8亿的手机用户,移动互联网势必将掀起第四次创新的浪潮。
Now, Any Business Can Tap 53 Million Facebook Users (For Free)
But seriously, here are some quick stats on Facebook which should be of interest to businesses:
1. More than 53 million active users
2. An average of 250,000 new users join every day.
3. About 34% of users work as professionals, sales, executives, educators or are in technical careers.
4. The fastest growing demographic on Facebook consists of users 25 and older.
Though Facebook started in the student demographic, it's quickly growing out of it. So, my guess is that if you have a product or service offering, chances are that at least a few of those 53 million active users (which spend about 20 minutes a day on the site) are prospective customers of your business. The question is, what do you do about it?
Until recently, only big businesses with big marketing budgets could setup a Facebook account for their companies and/or brands. Examples included Verizon, Walmart, Victoria's Secret and other well known companies. For these brands, Facebook users could become "fans" by adding the brand as a friend (much like they would add a person as a friend). This was pretty cool, but pretty expensive for those companies that wanted to tap into this feature.
Now, any business can create a Facebook profile, or business page, which any Facebook user can become a "fan" of. You no longer have to be a Fortune 500 company to afford this. It's free.
Here's how to do it:
Creating A Facebook Business Page
1. Visit this URL: http://www.facebook.com/pages/create.php
2. Decide what the best category is for your business. (Spend a couple of minutes on this as you can't change it later easily).
3. Enter your business/product/brand name and click "Create Page".
4. At a minimum, I'd suggest entering a short description of your business and a website address. This is in the "Add Information To This Page" area. I'd also advise uploading your logo as a photo/image.
5. Click on your business name in the top left corner (it's a hyperlink) and then click "publish this page" (until you do this, nobody but you will be able to see your new Facebook business profile).
6. Finally, and this is important, from your new profile page, click "Add to my products". This way, you become the first "fan" of your business.
Now comes the fun part. Once you've become a "fan" of your business, your friends on Facebook (some of which are likely customers) will see a message in their home page. Something like "Dharmesh Shah is a fan of HubSpot". Hopefuly, some of your Facebook friends will befriend your business. Then, their friends will see a message, and so it goes鈥?BR>
If you want to see a sample Facebook business page, you can check out HubSpot on Facebook . In fact, you can even add HubSpot as a friend (once you visit the page, click on the "Add Product" link in the right column. There are two benefits to becoming a friend of HubSpot: One, you'll feel a positive glow of good karma. Two, you'll have my attention, and my gratitude.
China's trade surplus jumps to a monthly record
The report comes amid demands by some U.S. lawmakers for sanctions if Beijing fails to ease currency controls. The European Union says it also will press China for action at a summit this month.
China's trade surplus for the first 10 months jumped a massive 59 percent to US$212.4 billion, according to figures released by the General Administration of Customs. The annual surplus already has surpassed the full-year record of US$177.5 billion set in 2006.
October's trade gap rose to US$27 billion (€18.4 billion), up 13.6 percent from the same month last year, according to the customs data. The previous monthly record high was US$26.9 billion in June.
Chinese leaders say they are not actively pursuing huge surpluses and have imposed new taxes to restrain exports of steel, plastic and other goods deemed too dirty or energy-intensive.
Foreign demand for low-cost Chinese goods has stayed strong despite a string of foreign recalls and warnings over faulty or tainted Chinese goods ranging from toothpaste to tires.
The surge in import revenues has strained the government's ability to restrain pressure for prices to rise. The central bank drains billions of dollars a month from the economy through bond sales, and has piled up the world's biggest foreign reserves at US$1.3 trillion.
China's trade surplus with the United States rose 12 percent to US$15.7 billion (€10.7 billion) on total two-way trade of US$26.7 billion (€18.2 billion), according to the customs agency.
U.S. lawmakers are working on several proposed measures to impose punitive tariffs on Chinese imports if Beijing fails to take action on its currency controls.
The United States and other trading partners complain that China's currency, the yuan, is kept undervalued, giving its exporters an unfair price advantage and adding to the country's surpluses.
The surplus with Europe, China's biggest trading partner, rose nearly 50 percent to US$13.9 billion (€9.5 billion) on total trade of US$31.4 billion (€21.4 billion), the agency reported.
A European Union delegation led by Prime Minister Jose Socrates of Portugal, which holds the 25-nation group's presidency, will press Chinese leaders for action to ease trade barriers and to let the yuan rise faster in value, EU Ambassador Serge Abou said Monday.
The comments reflected Europe's growing official urgency about China's swollen trade surpluses, an area where Washington has taken the lead in the past on lobbying Beijing.
China's imports in October climbed 25.5 percent from the same month a year earlier to US$80.7 billion, according to the agency. Exports grew by 22.3 percent to US$107.7 billion.
The United States reported a $232.5 billion trade deficit with China last year, its biggest ever with any country. The gap this year is on track to surpass that.
For the first 10 months of the year, China's total exports grew 26.5 percent to US$985.84 billion, while total imports rose 19.8 percent to US$773.48 billion.
10 places to have sex at work
1. The boss's desk. Some surveys suggest that up to 25 per cent of people have bruised their spines - or someone else's - on their manager's table.
2. All 25 desks in your office. Don't think that you have the energy? Follow the example of this Australian woman.
3. Against a filing cabinet. It might be noisy and it's possible that at least one of you will end up with handle marks imprinted in your buttocks; on the other hand, a naked break-dancing civil servant might jump out of the cabinet mid-way through, making the whole escapade less private but potentially more exciting, if you like that sort of thing.
4. The editing suite. Apparently this is the preferred place for trysting TV types, being warm, dark and well-covered with CCTV cameras.
5. On the rooftop or a balcony. Outside, no one can hear you scream. On the other hand, unless you work in the tallest building in the vicinity, plenty of people can see what you're getting up to.
6. A sofa. Several people questioned in an informal Snakes & Ladders poll of people we thought might be quite naughty admitted bouncing on their boss's furniture after hours. One person suggested choosing leather over fabric where possible.
7. Somewhere there's food. Depending on where you work, this could be the canteen (mmm, gravy); the staffroom (particularly useful if you are dating a colleague although not recommended if you are also married to one); or the office tea-trolley. Really.
8. A disabled lavatory. More room than the average cubicle but still smells like a toilet.
9. The nurse's room. A lock, an examination table and even some wet wipes.
10. In the middle of an open-plan office. Go on. Be a devil. But do plan ahead; you'll need to think of something good to tell the recruitment agent the next morning when she wants to know why you left your last job.
Monday, November 12, 2007
Entrepreneurship: What To Do When You’re Scared Shitless
Somebody (Tim Ferris? Gandhi? Princess Di?) once said that if you’re not offending anybody, you’re doing it wrong. You’ll be happy to know, I’m clearly doing it right.
When I clicked “Publish” on my most recent post, I can honestly say I didn’t know people would be so bothered. I had no less than five snarky emails in my inbox before the damn post hit my Bloglines. (Yes, I subscribe to my own feed.) Seriously, people were mad. Really mad. People were mad at my word use, people were mad that I called them cocky, people did not dig it. (For those of you who did like it and commented, thank you. That was very nice of you.)
Anyway, somebody else (Chuck Norris? Paris Hilton? The Will It Blend guy?) said the following, and I think you’ll agree that it deserves some funky red type.
The absence of fear is not courage. The absence of fear is mental illness.
When I got those emails, I was not exactly delighted. (OK, the exhibitionist part of me was a little bit delighted.) Am I afraid that no-one will come to my blog? That people will stop coming? That I won’t meet the goals I’ve stated quite publicly to people I don’t like and who will gleefully revel in my failure?
Of course I am. But I can’t let that water me down. I can’t let that fear dominate my actions. I can’t let myself become one of those bloggers who just rehashes everybody else’s crap.
I have to hang out, being afraid, and going about my business anyway.
I’d love to make this into a handy bulleted list with lots of outgoing link love. Then everyone could bookmark it and Stumble it and Digg it and I could be the linkbait queen of the world.
Sadly, I can’t.
I can tell you what I know about fear, though. It sucks. A lot. It can paralyze you and sicken you and leave you cold and lonely. I got pregnant at 17 with a man who wasn’t exactly my soul mate. I dropped out of college and people told me I would never make anything of myself. I have been on welfare. And I run my own business.
This is scary shit, people.
So here’s my not-very-linear advice on fear.
First, acknowledge it. Get to know it. The worst thing to do with fear is pretend it’s not there. You’re not fooling anyone, least of all fear itself, and by denying its existence you just look like an idiot. Get to the root of your fear. Analyze where it comes from. Find out what you’re really afraid of.
If you think you’re afraid your business will fail, you’re not. You might be afraid of poverty, of humiliation, of never finding happiness, but you’re not afraid your business will fail. Figure out what the problem really is and stop pretending the Big White Elephant of Fear hasn’t taken up residence in the corner of your home office.
For myself, I used to be almost constantly afraid. It’s gotten better, but here are some things that are still on the list:
I’m afraid if I move to the country, I will become isolated. I’m afraid that if I’m unhappy there, that will mean I’m vacuous and shallow.
I’m afraid that if we move to the city, I will be happy and Jamie will not. I’m afraid I won’t be able to enjoy it because of the guilt.
I’m afraid of finding out five years from now that we should have had more kids. I’m much more afraid of actually having more kids.
I’m afraid that now that I’m living my dream, I will be struck by a fatal illness and not live to enjoy it. (The dream, not the fatal illness.) I’m afraid that if I tell anyone that fear, then I will jinx myself and the fear will come true.
I’m afraid that all of my gigs will fall through at the same time and Jamie and I will have to go back to working for the man.
I’m afraid people will decide that given my background (see: pregnant teenager, college dropout) I have no business calling myself an authority on anything.
I’m afraid my oldest son will stay a Mormon, serve a mission, and be brainwashed to hate me.
I’m afraid if I rest, I will fail.
Guess what, folks. Fear is normal.
As a bloggers, artists, writers, business owners, we are afraid. Trying to avoid fear, circumvent fear, or remove fear is an act of futility. Fear will not go away.
Live with fear, do your thing anyway.
2007中国无线广告与精准营销高峰论坛
【艾瑞网消息】11月9日消息,下午,2007中国无线广告与精准营销高峰论坛在上海召开,会上分众无线副总裁王毓认为:在林林总总的媒体之中手机为媒介的无线广告很快脱颖而出,显示出其在广告大战中的优势。
演讲全文:
各位来宾下午好!很高兴在这个容易犯困的时候给大家掀起一场无线广告的革命。
不知道从什么时候开始,营销在中国已经被人们解读为广告大战,说起形形色色的营销人们脑子中最先出现的就是传统的电视广告、杂志广告还有报纸广告,一起扑面而来。在这种情况下谁能够抢占最佳的媒体资源,谁能够采用最优的广告手段已经成为营销成败之胜的一个关键。那么在林林总总的媒体之中手机为媒介的无线广告很快脱颖而出,显示出其在广告大战中的优势。
那么究竟无线广告有哪些优势呢。我给大家一一解读一下。
这是和我们每天一样工作和生活的一个女士,她在24小时是这样渡过的,可以看到不管她在路上、不管在她在公司、不管她跟客户沟通还是在家里,有一样媒体24小时与她随身相伴,这就是手机媒体。于是无线广告的24小时的贴身性就展露无疑。我相信这组数字大家也会很关注,在中国有314个电视台,1922份报纸、9490份杂志,还有根本数不清的无线互联网网站,但每一个人只有一个手机终端,就保证了媒体环境的纯正性,单位时间内只接触一个手机媒体,只接受它给你传递的广告信息,手机媒体没有干扰的优势展露无疑。
第三个它的受众,大家知道在中国有5亿的手机用户,远远超过了美国的人口数量,从无线互联网的角度来讲现在有1.6亿的手机网民,这两个数字让我们看到,非常庞大的受众基础是无线广告的第三个优势。
第四个优势是广告的到达率高。再熟悉不过的CCTV它新闻联播收视率月45.1%,最好的全国性报纸参考消息阅读率为2.4%,我们最好的全国性杂志读者阅读率是13.0%。无线广告到达率100%,展露了它第四个优势就是广告到达率高。
第五个优势是定点投放。我们能够结合每一个广告客户的需求,从林林总总的人中筛选不同的受众,传播不同的广告,这就是无线媒体第五个优势定点投放。
第六个优势是N次传播,我接触到一个好的广告之后可以传递给我的朋友——这里有一个优惠的信息,可以让我的朋友也分享这种优惠,这就是第六个优势N次传播。
第七个优势,互动传播,还有我们没有接触到的林林总总的其他的媒体,比如说电视、报纸、杂志,不管是哪个媒体只要跟手机媒体、跟无线广告相结合都能够把手机用户的参与性最大程度的激发出来,让他们拿起手机与您的广告进行互动,与商家进行互动,于是无线广告的第七个优势互动传播又展现在我们面前。
第八个优势及时传播。这和电视广告、杂志广告、报纸广告从制作到发布周期非常长,而对于无线广告制作周期只要一到两天,而且无线广告或可以为您想在几点,几点几分投放给您的受众,我们就可以在这个时间传播过去。
这么好的媒体具有八大优势,那么它的市场情况是怎么样的,在这里跟大家一起来分享一下。前面我们提到广告大战,说到战争我们就想到战争中不可缺少的就是武器。首先从传播形式上是直投类的,这一类的广告特点是到达率非常高。比如说我们经常收到的短信广告有折扣优惠,也就是文字、多媒体,还有最新突出的基于视频直投的广告,将企业在电视、楼宇投放到的广告直接投放到手机上,这是无线广告的第一类。
第二类是基于无线互联网的广告,前面讲到中国的无线互联网网民达到1.6亿,也就有了受众的基础。在无线互联网网站上,通过点击连接都可以点击到广告主的二级页面上去。
另外一种是我们分众无线推出的PPC,信息传递丰富。不管基于连接到详细的网站还是连接通话,都能够将更丰富的信息进行传递,这也是我们说基于无线互联网站优势所在。基于软件终端的方面,今天也有幸请到了MSN,手机MSN作为一款及时通讯的软件,里面加入了各种各样的广告模式,能够给它的用户带来更丰富的资讯,也成为基于互联网的无线广告类别。此外还有基于游戏和基于无线搜索的,游戏中的道具,搜索附近商家的餐饮、电影等等的信息及都成为基于互联网模式下的主流的无线广告。此外,互动类型的,特征鲜明的互动,通过彩铃的上行与下行可以产生很好的互动,还有二维码广告、内置广告等等都是新型的广告形式。
随后一起看一下受众基础的发展情况,前面讲到了受众的人数,5亿的手机用户,手机用户还在以每月500万户的速度激增;1.6亿的网民,那么1.6亿的网民我们可以跟中国的互联网网民相对比,在2006年7月份中国互联网的网民也就是1.62亿,中国的无线互联网具备了与互联网同等的基础,那么无线广告、无线互联网广告必然引起我们对它的更多关注。,直投类的广告有着很大的受众空间。
最后让我们看一下无线广告的市场格局,说到无线广告市场,大家都会想有哪些无线广告商在从业,他们的市场占有率是怎么样的,也是来自于艾瑞咨询的权威数据显示,目前中国的无线广告市场表现为一家独大的特征,分众无线以50.6%的市场份额位居线广告商之首。
有这样的广告提供商在运营着这样的无线广告,但是我们认为这还不够,这需要专家式的广告服务,中国需要无线广告专家。
为什么中国需要无线广告专家呢,我们先从媒体特征来看,前面讲到无线广告无论是直投式或是基于无线互联网的,都有着很高的技术含量。无线广告的高科技性导致了具有技术实力、广告运营经验、对无线广告非常了解的公司才能结合客户的不同需求、制定不同的方案来实现广告的目的,让你在广告大战中取胜。
在这里面分众无线做了下面的工作,首先我们在无线广告行业唯一将权威的市场与媒体研究软件应用于无线广告。那么熟悉这个软件的传统广告的从业企业就会发现,我们已经把这样的权威软件用在无线广告上面,用它来深度分析无线受众,找到适合您的消费者的广告的受众人群究竟是什么样的。我们有申请专利的无线身份识别系统,还有庞大的数据库,通过这两项工具我们能够精准的确定您的广告目标传递受众。第三方面我们聘请了来自国内4A公司领域的专业人才组建了我们全国的策划团队,可以为广告客户量身定制广告策略。
前面讲到接触度和认可度比较高的无线广告产品分众无线都有所触及,能够将丰富的无线营销利器直接提供给广告客户。除此之外在服务方面,国内唯一的广告投放和验证系统,在分众无线诞生了,通过这个系统能够提供广告投放回执与查询服务,让您随时随地都可以知道您的广告是否被传递,传递给了哪些人,目前的状态是怎样的。此外我们和权威的第三方机构进行合作,建立了第一个中国无线广告的监测平台,通过这样的合作,第三方机构可以出具最具权威性的监测报告。最后我们一切工作没有停留在现有,我们随时随刻通过我们的受众挖掘平台,来不断的更新我们数据库的属性和资源,我们追求的是让广告传播精益求精、精准再求精准。
通过上面这几个章节,我跟大家一起分享了目前中国主流的无线广告产品,目的是让您能够了解到哪一类的无线广告利器最适合你应用在这场广告大战中,我们跟您分享了为什么要投放无线广告,要选择专家式的服务,因为战争除了有好的武器以外,还要有好的部队,还要有好的作战策略,我们分众无线以后能够助力中国企业一起在广告大战中取胜,取得您和我们共同的成功,正确的内容、正确的时间、正确的人,我们服务于大家。谢谢大家。
艾瑞副总裁邹蕾:中国无线营销发展现状及前景
【艾瑞网消息】11月9日消息,下午,2007中国无线广告与精准营销高峰论坛在上海召开,会上艾瑞副总裁邹蕾分享了艾瑞咨询在无线广告领域的多年研究成果。
演讲全文:
谢谢,刚刚主持人把网络广告先锋都给介绍出来了。
确实我应该说是在艾瑞之前和henry(我们现在艾瑞的老板杨总)一起在网络广告先锋,当时国内最早的一家做网络广告研究的一家公司。应该这么讲,回想在当年这样一个状态下,当时中国的网络广告和今天的无线广告的一个市场状态,可能有一些类似。但是不同的是网络广告的发展它是经历了差不多到现在为止我们讲有10年了,今年是第10年,在北京之前也举行过一个非常盛大的会,聚集起在国内差不多一百强的广告巨头们。但是无线广告是不是要用10年呢?我相信应该不会。
为什么这么讲,我今天也非常荣幸看到背板上有很多的广告公司,这些广告公司有奥美、有麦肯也有电通,很荣幸这些国际性的大的广告公司,包括科思等等本土的公司都是我们的客户。那么在之前很多这些公司当中的一些领导人、策划人员经常会打电话给我,说Linn在中国无线广告应该怎么做?是短信吗?短信好象是垃圾?有很多人会这么去评论。可是到了今天来讲,我相信业界或者业内有很多大牌的客户开始不再认定无线广告就是短信这个逻辑,这样一个简单的理论。
今天无线广告提到了更高的层次,应该讲在互联网这边大家都一直在叫精准广告,实际上在无线这里,刚才王总用了12345很多条的例证来说明它的优势,包括也引入的很多艾瑞的数据。在这里从我个人来说我是非常荣幸能够看到无线广告在这么短的时间内,从产业内包括投放广告的一些广告主能够逐渐的加深对它的认识。
当然除了看到这么多的优点以外,可能也会出一些问题,问题在哪里。可能之后的PPT当中会提到一部分。我是想说无线广告发展到今天,另外发现在这一过程当中代理商起到了非常大的促进和推动作用。和其他的传统媒体不太一样的地方,无论是网络广告、电视广告、报纸广告,在这一过程当中媒体都起到了非常大的作用,是先有媒体,先有很大量的媒体,然后大家再拼命的卖广告。可是在无线过程当中会发现媒体可能更依赖于广告主,或者说广告主对无线广告的促进和推动会起到非常大的作用。在这一过程当中市场的良性循环和发展过程当中来讲,无线有它的技术背景优势在这里面。我们是想说无论是媒体还是广告主还是客户都将是无线广告发展的一个非常重要的环节点。当然面对的还有个人用户,在这一过程当中无线广告的发展还是需要一段的时间。那么这个时间会有多长,我相信不会是10年。在这一过程当中有来自与业内专家朋友的智慧。
在这里艾瑞也把自己的现在对无线广告的研究跟大家做一些演讲。在这之前王毓已经给大家展示了很多这方面的内容,所以有很多内容我也会简单的跳过。
今天会给大家简单的演示一部分无线营销市场现在的概况,包括发展的一些环境以及商业模式的分析和对未来发展前景的分析。
整个市场发展来看,从2006年到现在,无线营销现在还处于市场的导入期,那么在我们看来2008的奥运会以及3G的推出会极大的推动无线营销市场的发展。那么2010年以后整个市场格局会有所成熟。整个无线营销的市场环境,无论从经济环境、政治环境还是技术环境、社会环境都会对无线营销的发展起到比较大的影响。我们相信首先从经济环境影响来看,整个中国经济处于快速发展的阶段,同时2008年的奥运会对整个经济有非常大的推动作用。同时在这一过程当中政策环境会有比较大的影响,特别是在移动会有一个比较特殊的行业角色,电信运营商和无线广告的服务商在这一过程当中会有一定程度的合作,所以我们可能也能看到电信运营商已经开始涉足新鲜的无线广告领域这样一个环节。从技术的环境来看,新的无线广告技术已经出现,其实在刚刚王总的演讲当中已经给大家提到了。当然对新技术的应用,现在还处于初级阶段,这个过程我相信对任何一个新兴的媒体发展来说都是必然的。另外一块是社会的环境,我相信这一块是整个市场面对无线广告这么有信心的基础原因,就在于我们有非常庞大的用户量。到目前为止人们对广告、对无线短信的接收,按照王总的话来说这是唯一的媒体。里面也有一些问题,用户对无线广告的理解还是比较狭隘的。是否可以脱离与短信、脱离与文字短信的模式,或者说无线本身所带来的其他价值去看待,这是我们要去作为行业的从业人员是要更多去发觉的。
所以怎么讲呢?到目前为止无线营销的产品模式应该是相对成熟。在2007年整个无线广告的市场规模是在7.8亿左右,其中要说到WAP广告的市场,WAP是作为一种新兴的无线营销方式,实际上背后依托了一大批WAP的网站,或者说WAP的网站群,这就是刚刚为什么说这里面WAP网站群,似乎好象大家的日子都不太好过。同时对于WAP广告怎么发展,大家还不是特别的明确。在我们的数据当中WAP广告在2007年大概在2亿左右的市场。但是我们认为随着无线营销市场不断的同时,同时WAP网站不断发展的过程当中这个市场还是会不断的增长。
无线营销的市场不断的发展也会受到投资者的关注,所以大部分的融资都会获得融资。受到投资者关注的很大原因就在于无线市场有非常好的优势。这个优势除了刚刚王总提到的以外,实际上手机用户群的庞大,包括广告接收的及时性,具有传播性,比如说我发给这个人,这个人不会马上从男变成女的,这个可能会从互联网广告本身来讲,用户的不确定性,无线具有相应非常明确的确定性。
但是我们也要看到一定的问题,这个问题在哪里?无线营销作为无线广告来讲确实存在一个信息含量低,难以展现广告的目的。我们会发现手机上的广告提供的内容大多数是呈现文字为主,这也存在于现在的带宽和技术层面的问题,在现在的情况下,在这么小的屏幕上是不是可以承载更多的信息呢?或者说像电视广告、互联网广告这么走呢?我们在这里说的是无线广告不是一个代替互联网广告,也不是代替电视广告的媒体,它是作为一个新兴媒体,而成为广告主进行整合营销过程当中的一个补充,这个补充是非常重要的一点。比如说一个房产行业的企业,我在去做营销的时候,首先要大范围的告知我的客户,要去做我的品牌,去扩大品牌的知名度,在这一过程当中可能需要的电视、需要大量户外的广告,之后要售楼进行一系列促销信息发布的时候,在这时你可能需要的是面对你的用户,或者面对大范围的目标用户群,在这时候精准的营销方式一部分会选择无线,当然也会选择其他的类似媒体方式,作为一个非常有效的补充。
在促销过了以后,需要完善和维护你的客户群体,特别是你的房子卖了以后,想去维护住这么一批忠诚用户,希望他们有再一次的消费,或者说你希望能够在这些用户当中建立长期有效的品牌黏性,那么你的品牌信息量需要更有效的去传递,这个传递方式可能会用到互联网也可能会用到其他的传递模式,互联网上可以搭载销区的平台,可以告诉你的户型是什么样的,你的地段信息等等的。对用户而言在茫茫人海中突然可以收到你发过来的房产,在目前的情况下进行售楼、进行促销,销售的情况如何告诉用户,这对他说是一个及时雨。就这一点而言,我们可还会认为无线广告会是整个大广告当中的一个组成部分,谁也不能代替谁,谁也不能抹煞谁。在这过程当中相互有效的利用这是非常重要的。
所以从这一点上来说,大家也看到了,网民对各类广告形式的接触有互联网、电视、户外、包括平媒等等一系列的广告,就一个女人而言,一谈要接触这么多类型的媒体,每一类的媒体都各自有它的特点,在这一过程当中对无线广告短信目前还是一个相对主导的服务模式。当然随着刚刚提到的业务媒体的兴起和奥运契机的推动,WAP媒体还是会得到非常大的提升。在我们可以预见到的3G的时代,无线新技术的应用将会极大的推动无线营销产品模式的改进和变革。
如果我们看看用户,用户收到的无线短信类型,刚刚说的房产是一个比较高的类型信息,财经类应该也是相对比较高的。有时候当我们跟广告客户说你可以考虑一些精准和有效的模式时候,他觉得有点茫然,我为什么要考虑精准或者有效性呢?有什么样的价值呢?我们当时就进行了小小的讨论。在这过程当中客户有很多被教育的空间,也就是说客户还不是太清楚,真正无线营销或者短信营销给他带来的价值,他在这过程当中只是看到了这个广告,而并不知道这个广告用户的回馈、用户的反馈、用户看到这个信息的过程当中,有需求的人和没有需求的人对这条信息的感知和理解是不一样的。在这过程当中其实需要的是更多的需要有效利用这样的资源。刚刚提到个非常好的一句,实际上你有枪和炮弹,但是你需要专家式的服务,才可以把营销的方式进行很好的提升。
所以在这过程当中又回到我提到的一句话,无线广告的服务商是广告无线的推动者,像分众无线就对市场做出了非常重要的推动都是。这也是因为无线营销市场还处于导入发展的阶段,整个市场也需要产业链的各个环节进行紧密的合作,我相信这里面就有作为媒体为代表的服务商。当然因为手机本身就是媒体,一个人拿一个手机他就是媒体,中国有几亿的手机用户,这又是非常庞大的媒体群。所以在一般的网站或者手机媒体情况下,也同样存在这些用户当中,也可以作为独立的网络形式而存在。如果它的发展还是需要更多的一些精准的方式,那么才会让这些用户本身能够进行接受。
这个市场当中还存在什么样的挑战或者说存在一些什么样的机遇。这里面有一些内容还是相对比较空,但是我想对于整个市场特别是对无线营销,在座的可能是作为投放者和代理商、服务商,怎样更好地利用好现有的无线模式,怎么样更好的利用无线平台,来有效的针对我们目标群体,或者针对我自己的品牌、针对自己的产品特点来去打造我们无线营销的发展模式,这可能是相对于更重要的一个方式。
对于未来的市场发展,无线营销现在已经进入了导入期的阶段,也会迎来这样一个发展的机遇,特别是在今年我们非常欣喜的看到,这么多的大牌代理商都开始进入无线营销的领域,当精准营销已经成为互联网上大家认为发展的一个必然的关键词之后,无线营销在这过程当中会起到一个非常重要的或者说非常关键的角色。我们也深信无线营销会在未来发展的越来越好,同时我们也祝愿分众无线在这一过程当中也会发展的越来越好。谢谢大家。
尼尔森柴立华:无线营销的效果及传播领域的法官
【艾瑞网消息】11月9日消息,下午,2007中国无线广告与精准营销高峰论坛在上海召开,会上尼尔森公司客户服务高级经理 柴立华表示:无线广告涉及的技术非常复杂,手机又是一个私密性媒体,作为广告商和广告主来说,十分需要一对一进行有效的跟踪监测。
大家下午好。刚才其实我们一起和王总、邹总分享了无线广告未来的美好前景。
通常来说我们监测公司和媒介组织之间永远隔着一条隔膜,从某种角度来说是格格不入的,这次分众无线之所以能够把我们第三方的监测公司也纳入话题,这也可以看的出来分众无线其实对自己是充满着自信。
作为广告商和媒介组织间永远都存在着相互依赖和相互支撑的关系,作为第三方的数据公司,在这中间其实起到了一个非常关键的作用,通过我们第三方的监测公司提供公正、客观的数据,能够净化整个媒体市场。
无线广告伴随着互联网广告的蓬勃发展孕育而生,当互联网广告进入白热化竞争的时候,以手机为中心的中国市场的商业模式就出现了一个巨大的空白。谁来接替重要手机市场这个无线增值服务呢?答案很简单,就是无线广告。那么由于无线广告它所涉及的技术是非常复杂性的,手机又是一个非常私密性的媒体,作为广告商和广告主来说,如果想一对一进行有效的跟踪监测是其实是非常难的。2006年中国无线广告市场正式起步发展的一年,而且伴随着3G网络的一个开展,移动运营商对移动广告的重视,智能手机终端的普及,无线上网用户的增加,对无线运营商兼并、收购一系列措施的出台,未来中国手机无线广告市场进入非常快的发展时期。
那么分众无线作为分众传媒的另一个重要市场,主要产品类型包括了点告和直告两种,点告就是通过WAP网站,将广告直接展示到相关用户正访问的无线互联网页上。而分众的另外一个产品直告就是通过大家日常所熟悉的短信、彩信、视频、音频的方式,直接将广告传送到许可用户的手机上,从而实现百分之百的精确到达率。通过这些广告的传播方式,分众无线将促销广告、优惠卷广告等等有用的信息传递到用户的手机上面,便于用户察看和使用。
尼尔森研究作为资深的研究公司,除了保持我们在传统的媒介领域中的优势之外,其实我们一直也是长期以来关注新兴媒体的发展。特别是无线广告作为继电视、报纸、平面广告、广播广告、户外及其互联网之后的又一个媒体,其影响力和它的受众人群也是越来越大。手机媒体它其实具有一种分众性、定向性和互动性的友好使用性质,它的市场价值也是不可小视的。尼尔森媒介研究依托国际最新的新媒体研究技术,为分众性的手机提供百分之百的监测,以确保广告客户发送的每一个广告能够及时地、准确的地达到手机用户手中。
通常来说我们的市场调研手段分为两种,抽样调研或者普查,但是我们知道其实这两种之间各存在弊病。抽样不能达到以点覆盖面的推断,所以从这一角度来说,我们对手机广告采用的是百分之百的一个普查的跟踪效果。尼尔森的监测手段,主要是根据客户的需求,在全国范围内监测客户的投放数量及其投放日期之间的差异,找出各种差异来共同为客户提供一个解决方案。尼尔森媒介研究每天发布的监测报告帮助分众客户能够及时了解到最新发送的情况,并根据各种细分的情况做出及时、效应的判断,并出具相应的指导意义。
相信在我们尼尔森媒介的有效监督下来将改变以往新媒体触达无效监控的局面,为新媒体客商提供更准确、更新的来自第三方的监测报告。为此我们尼尔森公司也是非常乐意通过我们多年来的研究成果,愿意帮助媒体打破一种传统的经营理念,成为媒体和广告主之间的一座桥梁,在协助分众无线充分了解客户市场需求的同时,也乐意帮助在座的广告商能够充分体会到新兴媒体所带来的一个市场效应。
谢谢。
微软刘振宇:Windows live for Mobilo带来新机遇
【艾瑞网消息】11月9日消息,下午,2007中国无线广告与精准营销高峰论坛在上海召开,会上微软MSN营销副总裁刘振宇分析了Windows live for Mobilo带来的新机遇。
演讲全文:
大家下午好。
700年前1271年,有一个年轻的欧洲人17岁,随着大的父亲不远千里从意大利来到中国,在这里的名字叫马可波罗,他在中国生活的17年的时间,写了一本游记,回到欧洲,然后在欧洲掀起了一个所谓东方的传奇,中国被描述成为一个地上铺面了黄金的神秘国度,200年以后在1492年的时候哥伦布受西班牙国王的委托带领了三艘船带了献给印度君王和中国皇帝的各种各样的财宝,航行了70天发现了美洲大陆。那么我们所面临的现代的时代是一个互联网的时代,互联网无国界,在这里想让大家和我们一起分享微软MSN对于日益演进和发展的互联网以及移动互联网的新领域的认知和我们认为互联网和移动互联网所带来的新的商业机会的一些认知。
传统的软件行业,像大家所熟悉的做一套软件卖给最终用户,这是一个非常简单的销售模式。那么在现有的一个互联网时代,这样一个模式正在发生着悄然的变化,大家非常熟悉的一个说法较SAAS,在微软的眼中,我们也认为是同样的道理,现在的软件不仅仅是一个软件,现在的互联网是一个软件基础之上的一种应用。那么在当今时候,微软自己的战略模型也在转移,我们从一个传统软件销售的公司转移为一个软件加上服务的公司。对于服务来讲我们坚信有两种服务是最终服务于用户的,第一种是所谓通信类型的服务,在座的各位一定非常熟悉使用电话机,一定在使用及时通讯的工具,这样的工具包括邮件服务都是属于通信类型的服务。第二类是信息类的内容,在座的各位每日每时,不论在任何时间、任何地点,你们都在接收各种各样的信息,对于互联网来讲门户网站是接受信息的一个很好渠道。现在比较流行的博客是接受各位好友信息的渠道。与此相比更为流行的搜索引擎更是大家寻找信息的一个很好手段。如何把通信类型的服务和信息类型的服务整合在一起提供给用户、提供给所有在线的生活,这是在微软眼中希望可以达到的目的。因此如何构筑一个全新的在线生活来帮助我们全球的每一个人和他们的企业实现他们的潜力,这是我们微软MSN最终极的目标。
大家看到这张比较零乱的图,可能会问,这张图什么意思?这张图看似零乱,但是让我们做一个拼图的游戏,看看在我们眼中在线生活是一个怎么样的形态。在图的中心是以操作系统为核心的应用的基础和核心,围绕着之外在上下左右不断地延展出我们微软MSN对于未来在线生活的一个理解。往上看是我们所谓的Windows Live的概念,这是微软所提供在线服务的一个全新的品牌,原来及时通信服务等等的服务都被冠为WindowsLive的品牌,来满足用户沟通的需求。往左看是MSN的品牌,MSN一如既往的保持自己信息的内容,通过MSN的网站可以了解到你所需要了解的信息。往右看是比较熟悉的,WindowsMobile,通过它可以非常边界的和PC机进行信息互通和服务的互通。往下看,我们想的更大,把我们的服务延展到所有的手机终端,不仅仅是支持WindowsMobile的终端地包括诺基亚的终端,包括Live的终端,甚至更低级的终端,这样的组合拼图拼到最后,随着这样的思路走下去,在我们面前一个崭新的新大陆已经浮现了,这样一个新大陆就是无线互联网的兴起。
大家可能比较熟悉,在屏幕的左侧是MSN的及时聊天工具,在屏幕的中间是已经在中国市场上推出的,手机版的MSN,已经支持了在中国200万部的手机,你可以在手机上做任何你想做的事情。当时无线互联网元素一定是来源于互联网,在这样上面可以随便的按一个键说一句话,你录音会当成一个语音的切片输入到对方的计算机上,这就是我们所说的新大陆。同样可以看到,在手机上可以轻易的访问MSN的博客服务,在手机上可以轻易的阅读到在PC机上的的hotmail和邮件服务。
为什么会看到这样一个有趣的现象,中国的无线市场在蓬勃的发展,无线广告市场也在蓬勃的发展,非常简单的道理,从这样一个事实可以看到,我们超过5亿的手机用户,我们有超过1.7亿的互联网民,每个中国人中间可能就拥有一部手机,而且通过手机来浏览互联网网页的网民也在以两位数的增长,更惊喜的是随着而来的无线业务,根据艾瑞的数据来看,我们每年无线互联网广告的数据都是以两位数的数字在递增,基于这样互联网的大陆,新的无线互联网的受众,和新的商业机会,非常明显,在新的大陆上会有新的商业机会。
我们再看到传统的展现式的,除了点告或者直告以外,我们非常有信心的可以看到有更多形式的广告其实已经展示在我们面前。在最上面的这个上面可以看到,如果用户点击了手机上的一个点,可以轻易的通过手机电话直接拨号拨出去,也可以通过点击连接到互动性的问卷调查,也可以通过这个点击直接通过短信的形式发送给广告主,或者说发送给调查公司,这样从这种程度上来增加用户互动和用户参与的形式,来更好的满足广告主对精准的需求。这是我们眼中没有任何技术难度可以实现的新的手机广告形式,已经出现了。
分众无线的成功在于在时间上的分众、在空间上的分众和在人群上的分众,微软MSN是非常认可这样一个态度,对于我们来讲,我们MSN高端白领人群,可以看到主要分布在中国经济最发达的沿海城市、北京、上海、广州、江苏、浙江,对我们用户的使用习惯而言,有一些数据可以跟大家分享一下,传统MSN被大家认为是上班沟通的工具,但是随着手机MSN的推出,我们发现一个很有趣的现象,我们MSN上网使用的时间从早晨九点到下午的下班6点,平均时间延展到了晚上的十点甚至十点以后,这就是一个分时的概念。那么对于用户人群,我想这里不用我多说,所谓高端白领和时尚的人群,他们的购买力是在中国所有互联网网民里面最高的,他们喜欢尝试新鲜的事务,他们喜欢在购物中心买东西,他们喜欢去看奢侈的消费品,他们喜欢去看各种各样有趣的东西,这个对广告主来讲非常非常有价值。
分众无线的成功也不仅仅在于分众,分众的成功在于规模。对于微软、对于MSN来讲我们有一个巨大的基础就是我们技术的实力,技术的实力淋漓尽致的展现在互联网的基础、PC机上,我们有自己的操作系统、有自己的办公软件,有各种各样的服务,有这样坚实的基础我们还有巨大的规模,有巨大的用户规模。在中国1500万的高端用户是我们非常坚实的用户群基础。有了这样坚实的用户群和坚实的技术,我们非常有信心能够和分众无线在一起做一些事情。
假如时光可以倒转,我们回到700年前,马可波罗和哥伦布两个人可以一起宣布他们发现了世界,那么今天作为微软手机MSN和分众无线走在一起,我们手拉着手,我们以后非常清晰的认识到,我们脚底下踩着一块新的大陆,而且我们也非常清晰的看见在我们面前有一个非常辉煌的无线的新的商业机会。
谢谢大家。
分众无线张福连:无线广告新模式及广告投放原则
分众无线张福连:无线广告新模式及广告投放原则
= v ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" />= w ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" />2007-11-11 12:43:49 艾瑞网
相关行业 : 移动增值 无线增值其他
【艾瑞网消息】11月9日消息,下午,2007中国无线广告与精准营销高峰论坛在上海召开,会上分众无线常务副总裁张福连分享了分众无线最新的产品和分众无线3R广告投放原则。
演讲全文:
各位来宾,广告界的朋友,大家好。今天特别要感谢我们分众无线很多渠道商都从很远的地方赶过来。
分众无线的产品形态究竟包括哪些,常规的大家已经非常熟悉。今天我主要是想给大家分享分众无线最新的产品和研发部门已经发布的一些新的产品形态。
这是我主要想介绍的,我们点告的Pay—Per-Call的模式,刚才前面几位演讲嘉宾都讲到了无线广告和传统的广告的模式,这种产品形态是点告,它主要是通过分众无线的Pay—Per-Call。
我们最新研究的一个产品Pay—Per-Call,可能说是在分众四条产品线中非常具有前景或者说具有杀伤力的产品形态,这个产品有什么特点呢?本身我们是现在点告是跨媒体投放。第二分众点告的系统本身是基于身份识别系统。互联网有一些窄告,他们是通过IP的动态地址,通过网民的察看行为来分析这种属性,但是手机每一个手机都是私人化的,所以身份识别系统是非常准确、非常精准的,也就是我们今天讲的精准营销的概念,主要是基于对手机、手机网民精准分析的定位。第三就是我们本身有一个广告发布的系统,这是比较领先的,应该说在技术上有很多的突破。第四个特点就是Pay—Per-Call这种方式是按照电话的时长来收费。目前我们最早的一种计费模式是CPM,就是一个展示,这个网站有多少的广告位,把这个广告投放上去了,用户看到了就算是一个展示,后来发展到了CPC模式。去年下半年的时候就是CPA的模式,是按照效果计费的模式。
现在我们最新的一种产品就是按照通话时长来收费的模式。当用户在一个WAP网站上看到一个广告的时候,点击以后我们后台有一个呼叫的系统,可以把手机用户当作被叫,那么手机用户看到这个电话的显示以后(后面有演示),你可以针对这个广告信息的相关内容,通过直接通话的方式进一步的跟企业直接互动、直接沟通(大部分企业都有客服中心),另外通话时长我们是按照12秒一次,就是不到12秒不计费,12秒以上算一次计费。因为我们现在无线广告很多都是基于互动的功能,或者说跟企业主互动的功能,所以Pay—Per-Call本身就是具备了互动的功能特点。另外从广告效果来说,企业主投了广告,有很多促销的广告马上就要看到效果。目前来说任何一种媒体,包括互联网也有这种PPC模式的,可整体上对广告主的广告费的最经济、最实惠的投放验证,可能还是这种PPC模式,目前可以认为这种PPC模式是最好的。
下面是一个演示,当你看到WAP站点上的广告,你点击以后你手机上就会出现一个提示“正在接通”,当PPC呼叫系统接通了企业主的客服电话。手机用户就会看到自己手机上一个呼叫,可以选择接通。
大家知道分众无线的产品形态有基于互动通客户端客户直告,有基于移动运营商合作的黄金直告,还有互动的产品,基于很多企业主的需求,我们研发了互动营销解决方案,这个解决方案是基于什么呢?通过我们很多的客户用我们会员通客户端软件的时候,提出了很多需要短信上行功能或者说具备回复功能的需求,基于这样的需求,我们提供了四种上行下行的方式,第一种就是短信上行彩信下行,第二种是彩信上行短信下行,第三种是短信上行、短信下行,第四种彩信上行、彩信下行,同时也把PPC系统整合到营销解决方案里面。
互动营销解决方案就是企业与目标客户之间的必要的沟通工具,其随身、随地、随时的便利特征使得企业可以和目标客户之间进行互动沟通。
那么互动营销解决方案有哪些模式,大家知道在2006年有超女的选秀,今年有红楼梦的红楼梦人的选秀,这都是基于投票的方式,现在我们把互动营销解决方案的常规化的需求进行了集成化,这包括了,这个需求量比较大的投票模块、抽奖模块、应答模块、报名模块,还有防伪网络模块,查询模块、PPC模块、彩信模块、报表模块,最后所有的投放过程当中,根据客户的要求生成不同的报表。另外这些常规模块之外每一个用户还有个性化的需求,我们都可以把折价功能,满足用户需求的功能,整合到互动营销平台上来。
下面我讲一个案例,互动营销解决方案现在做的一个比较经典的案例,就是王老吉的祝福北京,56个民族共同为北京祈福的盛会,这主要是由国家体育总局、社会体育指导中心和中国少数民族体育协会联合主办,由佳多宝王老吉独家赞助的大规模的全民族的参与活动。活动期间将征集百万民众祝福北京签名。其中,北京卫视的《我与奥运,祝福北京》节目每周将从一个民族的三位参赛选手中,由电视观众投票选出一位作为该民族使者,代表民族祝福北京奥运。
分众无线的专业策划团队从投放时间、投放范围、互动形式上都进行了精心设计,形成了一系列投放策略,从投放类型而言,通过向目标受众发送节目预告短信,提醒观众准时收看,有效保持了节目的高收视率,从投放时间而言,鉴于节目播出时间为每周四的18点02分,分众无线将短信发送时间设定为每周四下午四点左右,更为有效的保证了广告的效果。在广告投放范围方面,分众无线则有针对性地将每周所评选的民族重点聚居地区作为广告重点覆盖范围,极大调动了该民族人群的参与热情,收到了良好的效果。王老吉每周还可通过分众无线为其构建的短信平台从发送短信参与投票的观众中抽取幸运者送出金币大奖,更为有效的刺激了观众的踊跃参与。手机(小灵通)用户通过短信投票参与活动的同时也很好的接收了品牌传播信息。
通过“王老吉祝福北京”的案例可以看出,我们互动营销平台现在运行的巨大成功,希望未来在座的广告界的朋友,我们的渠道商可以分享我们最新的无线广告产品,体验精准营销的价值。谢谢大家。
株式会社电通西田真树:日本移动媒体广告最新动向
【艾瑞网消息】11月9日消息,下午,2007中国无线广告与精准营销高峰论坛在上海召开,会上株式会社电通(DENTSU INC.)IC局电通驻中国办事处代表西田真树分享了日本移动媒体广告最新动向。
演讲全文:
大家你们好。我是电通公司的西田真树,我是从东京来的。我的汉语不太好,所以给我翻译一下。
(翻译:我也是北京电通事务所西田真树的助理,西田先生用日语来说,我来给他翻译)
今天主要是对日本移动媒体广告的一个最新动态的总结,然后可能介绍的都是非常简单的东西,所以请大家稍微听一下就可以。
首先大家看到的这个是日本手机普及状况的一个简单数字。大家看到的这个数字首先有一个手机的普及率大概是84%,目前日本的手机市场已经处于饱和状况,除了老年人和婴幼儿以外,大部分人都已经拥有了手机。其中有9成的机型已经支持无线互联网,也超过了整体的8成,日本的手机用户中约80%的用户保持了利用网站的状态。从2005年开始使用的3G服务的用户占手机整体用户的7成,流量费的包月制使用户利用手机浏览互联网的自由度急剧的扩大。总之多半的日本人是通过3兆的互联网线路随时访问手机网站,也就是WAP的网站。
在这样的市场环境下,扩展出了许多附加价值的服务。现在发售的手机都内藏非接触性的IC卡。不仅仅是可以去便利店和超市买东西,就连自己公寓的钥匙、交通车票和月票都可以被代替。另外很多的传统媒体也进入了手机平台,由于手机可以传送鲜明的电视画像,又转载了移动电视和数字广播的协调器,手机功能不断的发达,给传统媒体的商业模式带来了巨大的冲击。综上所述由于手机给整个广告市场带来的巨大的冲击,对我们广告代理公司来说,手机现在就像一个宝库有很多利用手机的新媒体,以及新的广告手法值得我们去开发。
围绕着手机市场营销的众多可能性,今天我只是把移动媒体的三个方面作为焦点,介绍日本移动营销的最新动向。在这里大家也看到了,有三个关键字,这三个关键字一个是3G,还有一个是流量包月,有一个移动搜索,这三个关键字给今年2007年日本移动广告市场带来了巨大的变化。通过考察这些关键字将给消费者带来什么样的服务,可以看到移动市场营销的新潮流。
首先是3G所带来的变化。大家都知道从3兆到10兆的提升为移动营销带来了很多的机会。手机互联网由此得到了非常的表现力,这个表现力的提高有由此影响了广告力的提高,这样可以吸引众多重视品牌的客户来参与。由于3G的高速数据通讯,新客户开始进入移动广告市场,大多数客户为品牌财产价值高的企业,现在我先给大家介绍路易.威登的情况。首先路易威登年间花费的广告费大概是250万美元,也就是这一点虽然写着300亿日元,但是合人民币18亿。在座的诸位也知道路易威登的品牌广告费用大多数是在拥有高端的订阅者的杂志上进行投放的。他们在这个品牌管理上花费了巨大的劳力,并且严格按照规格管理自己的品牌,为维护品牌他们不惜进行大手笔的投资,相反对品牌产生不良的影响或者对树立品牌起不良作用的沟通手法,他们也就完全排斥了。作为品牌资产象征的路易威登从今年开始在移动广告上做投放了。对于路易威登在移动广告上投放广告这对于我们移动媒体是非常重大的事件。现在我们看到的就是路易威登整个他网站上的大致情况。首先看到左边这个画面就是通过主面开始,通过一个全屏的Flash展示。中间这一点Wollection是在2007年路易威登所有产品的展现,图片都是高清晰的展现,供用户在手机上阅览。右边这个是路易威登的一种挑战模式,把路易威登与手机用户联系的更加紧密,然后在手机网站内设置了路易威登独创的游戏下载。作为这种交流的前提手机互联网的用户中因为包含了大量路易威登所瞄准的目标对象,然后路易威登之所以能够实现此种移动媒体的手法,是由于3G技术以及通讯手法得到了大幅的提高,具有传达路易威登品牌形象的必要条件。
今年是以路易威登为开始,像Cartier和BVLGARI都开始引入了这种广告。在CARTIER是在网站上提供了独创的桌面背景的下载。BVLGARI是结合自己新推出的香水活动推出了可以传达品牌理念的手机小说。根据这些实力品牌的介入使今年成为移动广告领域飞跃成长的一年。
手机上的品牌广告潮流同时对移动广告媒体的商品也造成了直接的影响。之前移动媒体是通过点击率来测试效果和效率,但是现在受欢迎的是不用点击率来作为指标的一种表现形式。现在大家看的这个画面,首先是日本的运营商的官方网页,(日本有三大运营商),也是类似于移动的mode net的首页,跟大家现在看到的一样,前面运营商的首页是用Flash来运用的,左边是作为广告落销售,这个广告是不能点击的,没有连接的功能,只是一种广告形式这与传统媒体非常接近。大家看到的这个只是一种表现,不能做点击连接。它因为只是一种显示广告的形式所以与传统媒体是十分接近的。因为3G所带来的丰富表现力,对客户和媒体来说以前认为十分棘手的手机上的品牌沟通成为了可能,另外日本手机的发展也是用了五年的时间,到今年才把品牌客户拉到移动互联网中来。
现在下面介绍的是流量包月。因为不在乎通信费,可以长时间的连接互联网的用户,比PC互联网的世界领先一步产生众多CGM的平台,下面我们介绍的就是关于CGM的介绍。
大家看到这个图是日本电车中的一个一个风景,可以看到现在有很多人都正在使用手机,在这里面首先因为有包月的存在,所以大家不介意费用,到任何地方都可以连接博客以及SNS,不论什么时候在哪里都可以在手机上进行自己博客的更新和朋友在SNS上交流。首先在日本移动互联网利用最多的是11岁到19岁的女性,根据这个数据可以看到每天她们从媒体接触状况来看,接近30%是通过手机,她们接触移动媒体的时间明显比报纸、杂志、广播以及PC的时间要长。意思就是说,现在轻人使用的手机量要比接触其他的媒体多很多。
在这里关于流量包月所带来的变化,下面介绍几个活用CGM市场营销的几个例子。在MobileCGM上可以吸引大量用户的是Mobile SNS的服务。现在大家看到的这是一个可口可乐为了宣传制作的一个虚拟形象的例子。首先可口可乐制作的虚拟形象有很多访问者来访问,他们就会留下一些履历,这个履历被当作足迹而留下,通过这个足迹可以和访问者相连接,遵循这个足迹和访问者相联系就可以建立可口可乐独一无二的虚拟形象。同样的方法在体育厂商、体育店铺、服饰和流通等等,灵活的运用SNS这个虚拟形象来促进推销。大家看到右下角这边,这就是实际中,比如说虚拟形象中原创的衣服、装饰品,然后在特定的店铺里放置同样的设计,虚拟形象穿的衣服可以在实际的店铺中购买,而且与现实店铺连锁的一些宣传活动等等,是目前来SNS手机推销一些成功的实例。
最后介绍的是Mobile搜索产生的一些变化。日本的移动搜索正式从2006年开始的,伴随着SEM、SEO市场也急速的扩大。到现在没有在WAP上设置常设的服务和产品,WAP的企业也在紧急对应,比如说做自己的官方网站等等。出于这样的原因,各个运营商在各自的门户首页里也放置搜索窗。大家现在看到的三张图片都是三大运营商在自己的首页上有搜索窗的表现,搜索的利润就可以大幅的增长,各个运营商也采用即有的搜索门户,比如说GOOGLE、雅虎,等等相关技术,使搜索信息变的充实。
但是这个因为首先搜索的门户和GOOGLE和雅虎相联系,所以这些iMenu非常的习惯,大家跟在雅虎上都是一样的投放模式,都是购买关键词。还有一个理由,现在在日本马上放入什么搜索的表现形式,进入了很多的电视广告画面,把电视的用户带到网络中去,这种活用SNS的形式变的非常普遍。在这种情况下PC和Mobile网站必须有网站的连接,在这种情况下Mobile SNS急速的扩大,这样手机与PC近距离的交流也变的可能。
刚才介绍了在日本的最新三个案件,给日本移动营销市场带来的变化,最后简单的介绍一下电通在移动市场营销中是如何定位的。因为大家都是业界人士,可能关于这个图大家都已经非常了解,大家都知道这是ADIMA的一个图,详细的解释就没有必要了。因为这个是过去的一个图,在很久以前跟我们一样是市场营销工作上理解的模式,以前把ADIMA把单纯的购买行动作为前提,前半是广告,后半是SP的购买为主的,可以说是消费者BTOC的单向交流。这是以前的模式。现在是用AISAS的模式向客户推荐的。现在不仅仅在中国或者日本,世界的消费者购买行动也正在发生很大的变化。
首先AISAS不光在日本来利用,在全世界任何一个角落里作为市场营销来说都是可以利用的。AISAS跟ADIMA最大的不同是搜索和共享方面。比方说一边看电视对某种商品产生了兴趣,马上用互联网搜索,然后通过AEC网站直接购买,然后在博客网站上比较商品,和其他消费者共有的信息,数字化的信息对购买行动产生了很大的影响。目前我们电通集团也向我们的客户推广,而且实现AISAS的理论。
谢谢